Qualitative analysis of ganoderic acids in Ganoderma lucidum from Iran and China by RP-HPLC and electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)

Submerged fermentation production and characterization of intracellular triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum using HPLC-ESI-MS

“…The dried mycelia were pulverized, extracted three times with 40× (1 g/40 ml) of CHCl 3 in an ultrasonic water bath for 20 min (Zhang et al, 2006;Keypour et al, 2010), filtered, evaporated, and concentrated to about 1/5 of its original volume at 50 °C. The concentrated solution was then extracted with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 , which was then acidified to pH 3-4 with 6 mol/L HCl at 0 °C.…”

“…All its parts, including fruiting bodies, mycelia, and spores, can be used for medicinal purposes, and have been involved in the clinical prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases (Shiao, 2003), such as tumors (Tang and Zhong, 2004;Thyagarajan et al, 2010), insomnia, hepatitis (Paterson, 2006), cardiovascular diseases, hypertension (Fang et al, 2002;Liu and Zhang, 2005), hyperglycaemia, diabetes, inflammation, immune diseases, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (Min et al, 1998;Wasser, 2010). The pharmaceutically active compounds of G. lucidum include polysaccharides, triterpenoids, lactones, nucleotides, steroids, alkaloids, peptides, and fatty acids, among which the polysaccharides and triterpenoids are the major sources of biological activity and are responsible for some of these medicinal properties (Qiao et al, 2007;Keypour et al, 2010).…”

“…High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been widely used for isolation and purification of triterpenoids from crude extracts of G. lucidum (Tang et al, 2006;Keypour et al, 2010), while LC-mass spectrometry is the most efficient method for characterizing triterpenoid compounds (Yang et al, 2007;Ding et al, 2010;Guo et al, 2013). Ganoderic acids are the main constituents of triterpenoids and to date, more than 200 ganoderic acid derivatives and other triterpenic acids have been identified from the fruiting bodies, spores, and mycelia (Ma et al, 2014); the structural identification of ganoderic acid derivatives is needed for research into their pharmacological effects.…”

Risk assessment of the Acacia cyclops dieback pathogen, Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola, as a mycoherbicide in South African strandveld and limestone fynbos

“…Ganoderma species are known as wood decaying fungi, normally saprophytic or parasitic on dead or living tree stumps (Keypour et al, 2010). Ganoderma lucidum, detected in some sequenced samples of A. cyclops and DDIPs, has been isolated in Western India, causing root rot and subsequent mortality of Acacia and Prosopis trees (Bhansali, 2012).…”

Apoptosis induction of colorectal cancer cells HTL-9 in vitro by the transformed products of soybean isoflavones by Ganoderma lucidum

“…A lot of research has demonstrated that G. lucidum is extremely effective in prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as cancer (Zhao et al, 2011), hyperglycaemia (Guo et al, 2013), hepatitis (Kim et al, 2006), cardiovascular diseases (Lee and Rhee, 1990), human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) (Kang et al, 2015). In addition, the polysaccharides and triterpenoids are the major bioactive metabolites and have some important medicinal properties (Keypour et al, 2010).…”