Qualitative Analysis of E-Liquid Emissions as a Function of Flavor Additives Using Two Aerosol Capture Methods

Abstract

This work investigates emissions sampling methods employed for qualitative identification of compounds in e-liquids and their resultant aerosols to assess what capture methods may be sufficient to identify harmful and potentially harmful constituents present. Three popular e-liquid flavors (cinnamon, mango, vanilla) were analyzed using qualitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the un-puffed state. Each liquid was also machine-puffed under realistic-use flow rate conditions and emissions were captured using two techniques: filter pads and methanol impingers. GC-MS analysis was conducted on the emissions captured using both techniques from all three e-liquids. The e-liquid GC-MS analysis resulted in positive identification of 13 compounds from the cinnamon flavor e-liquid, 31 from mango, and 19 from vanilla, including a number of compounds observed in all e-liquid experiments. Nineteen compounds were observed in emissions which were not present in the un-puffed e-liquid. Qualitative GC-MS analysis of the emissions samples identify compounds observed in all three samples: e-liquid, impinge, and filter pads, and each subset thereof. A limited number of compounds were observed in emissions captured with impingers, but were not observed in emissions captured using filter pads; a larger number of compounds were observed on emissions collected from the filter pads, but not those captured with impingers. It is demonstrated that sampling methods have different sampling efficiencies and some compounds might be missed using only one method. It is recommended to investigate filter pads, impingers, thermal desorption tubes, and solvent extraction resins to establish robust sampling methods for emissions testing of e-cigarette emissions.

Comprehensive overview of common e-liquid ingredients and how they can be used to predict an e-liquid’s flavour category

“…However, flavours may also stimulate vaping among non-users, in particular young people 15–17. This is concerning, as e-cigarettes are not safe10 18 19 That is, chemicals in e-cigarette emissions (eg, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, metals, aldehydes and other flavourings) can be toxic and thus harmful to consumers’ health 20–22. In addition, e-cigarettes may facilitate smoking initiation among never-smokers 23.…”

Effects of Exposure to Tobacco Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette and Heated Tobacco Product on Adipocyte Survival and Differentiation In Vitro

“…Therefore, the chemical composition of extracts is definitely dependent on the capture system of the emissions. It has been shown previously that different ECIG aerosol capture systems, that is, impingers and Cambridge filter pads, have different efficiencies and that various compounds present in the ECIG emissions cannot be trapped using the filter pad method and vice versa [55]. In our study, the collection buffer was the culture medium, thus, water-soluble constituents are expected to be more prevalent.…”

In vitro and in silico genetic toxicity screening of flavor compounds and other ingredients in tobacco products with emphasis on ENDS

“…(Continues) Clastogen (-S9) Present (Peace et al, 2018) Vanilla (Eddingsaas et al, 2018;Gerloff et al, 2017) Present in e-liquid (Hutzler et al, 2014;Omaiye et al, 2019); Vanilla (Eddingsaas et al, 2018;Gerloff et al, 2017); Fruit, Menthol-mint, Nonalcoholic drinks, Alcohol, Desserts sweets, others (Girvalaki et al, 2018) Clastogen (-S9) STL Vapor Spearmint (Peace et al, 2018) Present in e-liquid (Hutzler et al, 2014;Omaiye et al, 2019) (Hutzler et al, 2014); Gummy, Xmas Cake (TCORS E- Clastogen (+S9) Present (Hutzler et al, 2014;Klager et al, 2017;Margham et al, 2016) Java Jolt, Vivid Vanilla, Vanilla beam, Pina Colada, Magnificent Menthol, Cherry Crush, etc. (Klager et al, 2017) (Continues)…”