Qualifications in clinical education for psychiatrists

Abstract

We were interested to read the article by Dinniss et al (Psychiatric Bulletin, March 2007, 31, 107-109) on qualifications in clinical education for psychiatrists. We wish to draw attention to postgraduate programmes in medical education (including MSc, PGDip and PGCert) run by Durham University, which did not feature in the list. These are particularly relevant in that Dinniss et al identify a number of deficiencies in the course they undertook: some modules only had marginal relevance to their needs, and they would have valued greater opportunities to develop practical skills in delivering teaching and supporting learning. Our programmes have a strong bias towards practical approaches as opposed to being focused on research, although of course good teaching practice is also research informed. Details of our courses are available from the Durham University website at

Treaty Interpretation And The Incorporation Of Extraneous Legal Rules

“…90 Secondly, where the effect of the principal treaty (even where it is of multilateral character) is simply to create bilateral obligations inter partes, the assumption is that general consistency in interpretation is not necessarily required amongst all parties and therefore duality of treaty membership need not be a prerequisite. Thirdly, where the secondary treaty is not binding on all parties (or not binding at all, in certain exceptional circumstances) but where nevertheless the secondary treaty is 'evidence of the common understanding of the parties [to the principal treaty] as to the meaning of the term used', 91 then again that is sufficient to invoke Article 31(3)(c).…”