Qualification of Flexible Dynamic Risers for Supercritical CO2

Rubin, A.; Wang, Christian

doi:10.4043/23339-ms

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…PVDF exposed at 350 bar/130 °C shows significant changes in density already at a decompression rate of 40 bar/min. Data for highly cross-linked peroxide inline cured XLPE have previously been published [2] showing no signs of blistering damage up to 1,400 bar/min decompression rate.…”

Section: Blistering Resistance Screeningmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Long-term ageing tests of XLPE liner material in supercritical CO 2 (100% CO 2 gas) at 345 bar and 90 °C have previously been reported [2]. A new long-term ageing test of XLPE liner material exposed to 90% CO 2 /10% CH 4 at 700 bar and 90 °C has been performed.…”

Section: Figure 8 Change In (A) Stress At Break; (B) Strain At Breakmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The potential impacts on flexible pipes are further described in a previous paper [2]. CO 2 in its supercritical state is known to have a high impact on polymeric material due to its high solvent power.…”

Section: Dense Phasementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Blistering tests of XLPE in 100% CO 2 at 650 bar/90 °C have previously been performed [2] with no changes in material properties and no observations of voids or blisters. Additional blistering tests of XLPE and PA11 liner materials exposed to 90% CO 2 /10% CH 4 at 700 bar and 90°C are currently on-going.…”

Section: Figure 6 Change In (A) Stress At Yield and Break; (B) Straimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swelling and solubility experiments have previously been performed [2] at different pressures and temperatures and based on these experimental data a thermodynamic model based on PC-SAFT (perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory) EOS (Equations of State) has been developed. Experimental data and mapping of swelling and solubility by modeling of liner materials are thus covering pressures up to 350 bar and temperatures up to 90 °C for XLPE and temperatures up to 130 °C for PVDF.…”

Section: Modeling and In-situ Solubilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Qualification of Polymer Materials for High Pressure CO2 Flexible Pipe Structures

Wang¹,

Rubin²,

Solms

2013

All Days

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In the oil and gas industry there is a growing demand for riser solutions dedicated to high partial pressures of CO 2 . The demand is primarily driven by deep water high pressure reservoirs with high CO 2 content. In addition there is a growing interest in reinjection of CO 2 . The reinjection can be driven by a desire to reduce CO 2 emission as in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects, but also as a method for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). In all cases it is likely that CO 2 will be present at high pressures and in its supercritical phase.NOV Flexibles has in recent years developed dedicated riser solutions for a broad range of flexible pipe applications for use with high pressure dense phase CO 2 also referred to as supercritical CO 2 (SCCO2). An important part of the qualification program has been material qualification. For polymeric materials, the main challenge is the high solubility in some polymers of high pressure CO 2 . This leads to potential high swelling and a risk of mechanical damage (blistering) in explosive decompression situations. Furthermore, high pressure CO 2 has a strong extraction power which may result in rapid loss of plasticizer in plasticized polymers. This paper describes the latest status and achievements in the qualification program including a broad variety of tests qualifying against potential failure mechanisms to CO 2 pressures in the range of 650 to 700 bar. The results show that peroxide cross-linked poly-ethylene (XLPE) in-line cured inner liner with a high degree of cross linking has superior resistance to high pressure CO 2 on all tested parameters compared to other available liner materials. This makes it the preferred liner material for ultra high pressure CO 2 gas risers and flowlines whereas PVDF is the optimum choice for production risers with temperatures above 90 °C and intermediate CO 2 partial pressures.

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Section: Blistering Resistance Screeningmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Figure 8 Change In (A) Stress At Break; (B) Strain At Breakmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Dense Phasementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Figure 6 Change In (A) Stress At Yield and Break; (B) Straimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling and In-situ Solubilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Qualification of Polymer Materials for High Pressure CO2 Flexible Pipe Structures

Wang¹,

Rubin²,

Solms

2013

All Days

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Phase Transitions and Separation Time Scales of CO₂–Crude Oil Fluid Systems: Wheel Flow Loop Experiments and Modeling

Fossen

Pasqualette²,

Carneiro³

2020

Energy Fuels

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Presented here is experimental and theoretical work on phase transitions and separation time scales for CO2–crude oil mixtures with CO2 content ranging from pure to 79 mol %. The experimental work was performed using the wheel flow loop located at the SINTEF Multiphase Flow Laboratory. Under constant volume conditions, phase transition temperature and pressures were determined, as well as the volume fractions of the respective phases. The results indicated good agreement between the experimentally determined phase transitions and the phase diagrams predicted by the thermodynamic model. It was shown that the measured torque was sufficient to determine the pressure–temperature conditions of the phase transitions. Furthermore, separation times were measured for both oil-in-CO2 and CO2-in-oil in a range of conditions for the respective fluid systems. Results showed that the separation times were considerably shorter for the CO2 continuous fluid system compared to oil continuous. Moreover, a comparison of Weber numbers for the various test conditions indicated that the drop sizes influence the overall separation time, which is affected by settling and coalescence processes. Finally, this study showed that the wheel flow loop is well suited for the study of CO2-rich systems for determination of volume fractions of phases, phase transitions, and transport and separation.

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Regular Solution Theory for Polymer Permeation Transients: A Toolkit for Understanding Experimental Waveshapes

Wadhawan

Craster²,

Lawrence

et al. 2020

Langmuir

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The accurate measurement of permeation is important at the product design stage for a variety of industries as diverse as conveyancing methods for oil and gas produced fluids, such as mixtures of carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen sulfide, water and hydrocarbons, in polymer-lined, unbonded flexible risers and flow lines through connectors and valves; hydrogen and methane gas carrying domestic lines; hydrogen storage tanks; sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers for high power-carrying lines; oxygen through display technology; and drug delivery. It would also be appropriate to monitor the permeation rate through the polymer, composite and elastomeric layers during the in-service times where applications allow. In the future, any alteration in the short term and long term transport rates could be analysed in terms of an initial alteration or degradation of the polymeric materials, and in some cases, metallic components. Crucially, such measurements would serve as an early warning system of any change in a polymeric material that could result in loss of function as fluid of gas containing barrier material.Most experimental determinations are made through recording flux transients (varying flux) through permeation cells in which a polymer membrane or film separates a donor compartment (usually an infinite supply) and an acceptor compartment, and in which membrane transport is considered as slow. Treatment of the resulting experimental data is usually, but not always, undertaken through comparison with a steady-state model based on Fickian diffusion through the membrane, so as to extract the membrane permeability, the diffusion coefficient of the permeant and the solubility of the permeant in the membrane phase. However, in spite of these measurements being undertaken routinely using closed cell manometric or continuous flow methods, there is a lack of literature in which experimental flux transients are provided, and in several cases, it is clear that the experimental data do not conform to the expected model of slow, Fickian diffusion through the membrane, even though experiments are performed at temperatures much larger than the glass transition temperature of the polymer membrane.In this paper, we first re-examine the classical model for an infinite source, and extend it to account for (1) molecular interactions between membrane and permeant, using regular solution theory, (2) slow transport in the acceptor phase, and (3) slow kinetics across the membrane | acceptor interface. We demonstrate that all three aspects can cause permeation flux transients to exhibit unusual, non-classical waveshapes, which have nevertheless been experimentally realized without rationalization. This enables the development of an algorithmic toolkit for the interpretation of permeation flux transients, so as to provide reliable and accurate data analysis for experimentalists.

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Qualification of Flexible Dynamic Risers for Supercritical CO2

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Qualification of Polymer Materials for High Pressure CO2 Flexible Pipe Structures

Qualification of Polymer Materials for High Pressure CO2 Flexible Pipe Structures

Phase Transitions and Separation Time Scales of CO₂–Crude Oil Fluid Systems: Wheel Flow Loop Experiments and Modeling

Regular Solution Theory for Polymer Permeation Transients: A Toolkit for Understanding Experimental Waveshapes

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Qualification of Flexible Dynamic Risers for Supercritical CO2

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Qualification of Polymer Materials for High Pressure CO2 Flexible Pipe Structures

Qualification of Polymer Materials for High Pressure CO2 Flexible Pipe Structures

Phase Transitions and Separation Time Scales of CO2–Crude Oil Fluid Systems: Wheel Flow Loop Experiments and Modeling

Regular Solution Theory for Polymer Permeation Transients: A Toolkit for Understanding Experimental Waveshapes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Phase Transitions and Separation Time Scales of CO₂–Crude Oil Fluid Systems: Wheel Flow Loop Experiments and Modeling