Quadricuspid Pulmonary Valve

Khan, Shamruz Khan Akerem; Anavekar, Nandan S.; Araoz, Philip A.

doi:10.1097/rti.0b013e31822e864c

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Quadricuspid pulmonic valve (QPV) is a rare congenital anomaly, occurring in approximately 1 in 400 to 1 in 2,000 people, with a 2:1 male to female ratio [ 1 , 2 ]. Unlike a bicuspid pulmonary valve, it rarely presents with clinical complications, such as valvular insufficiency or stenosis, and thus, it is most often a post-mortem finding [ 1 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike a bicuspid pulmonary valve, it rarely presents with clinical complications, such as valvular insufficiency or stenosis, and thus, it is most often a post-mortem finding [ 1 , 3 , 4 ]. Due to the common congenital origins of these two anomalies, a QPV is frequently associated with aortic valve anomalies; however, unlike a quadricuspid aortic valve, which often leads to stenosis or insufficiency, a four-leaflet pulmonary valve appears to have no negative consequences on pulmonary circulation [ 2 - 4 ]. To date, only two cases of QPV with stenosis have been reported, and the literature has described rare cases with evidence of pulmonary regurgitation and/or hypertension [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This malformation is also commonly associated with patent ductus arteriosus, atrial and ventricular septal defects, coarctation of the aorta, and pulmonary artery aneurysm [ 2 ]. Due to the anatomical location of the valve with respect to the thoracic wall, diagnosis by two-dimensional echocardiogram is difficult; however advances in cardiac imaging, including multidimensional computerized tomography (CT), transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have allowed for effective, non-invasive means of diagnosis [ 2 , 6 ]. Abnormal function has been reported in approximately 4% of cases, mostly in the form of insufficiency following stenosis [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the anatomical location of the valve with respect to the thoracic wall, diagnosis by two-dimensional echocardiogram is difficult; however advances in cardiac imaging, including multidimensional computerized tomography (CT), transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have allowed for effective, non-invasive means of diagnosis [ 2 , 6 ]. Abnormal function has been reported in approximately 4% of cases, mostly in the form of insufficiency following stenosis [ 2 ]. Most commonly, in approximately 60% of patients, the anomaly presents as three normal-sized leaflets and one small leaflet, and the accessory cusp is frequently deformed, shrunken, or fenestrated [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quadricuspid pulmonic valve found on well exam

Dunay

Avedissian

2015

Military Med Res

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Quadricuspid pulmonic valve (QPV) is almost always a benign anomaly and is therefore usually discovered incidentally on radiographic studies or post-mortem at autopsy. Because of its rarity, the true extent of the physiology of QPV is not fully understood, and the few reported cases of it may underestimate its physiological consequences. In this case, we report on a young active-duty solider who presented for a well check-up and was discovered on imaging to have a QPV. We also review the most recent literature and provide recommendations regarding the most effective diagnostic modalities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40779-015-0037-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quadricuspid pulmonic valve found on well exam

Dunay

Avedissian

2015

Military Med Res

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“…Except for five cases diagnosed using TTE, adult patients associated with other congenital heart diseases except for pulmonary stenosis were diagnosed using contrast CT scan or CMR after 2009 [ 13 - 16 ]. As with TTE, the frequency of valve morphology in cases diagnosed using CT scan or CMR was largely different from that in cases diagnosed at autopsy (Table 3 ) [ 13 - 16 , 40 - 55 ]. It might be reasonable to actively look for QPV in patients who have marked aneurysmal dilatation of the main pulmonary artery, with or without an extension of the dilatation into pulmonary artery branches [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Quadricuspid Pulmonary Valve: Case Report and the Comparison with Quadricuspid Aortic Valve

Miyake

Inoue

Mushiake

2023

CCR

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Background: Quadricuspid pulmonary valve (QPV) is a rare congenital anomaly. Simple QPV had been mainly diagnosed at the time of autopsy before 2000 and the frequency rates of QPV are approximately 0.02%–0.41%. QPV was initially diagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) after 2000 and with contrast computed tomography (CT) or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) after 2009. Obtaining the cross-sectional view of the pulmonary valve using TTE is difficult. We aimed to review the papers regarding the incidence, embryology, diagnosis, associated congenital heart anomalies, and prognosis in patients with QPV, and furthermore to compare with those in patients with quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV). Case presentation: We diagnosed QPV with mild stenosis in a 12-month-old infant. With a slight angulation of the transducer superiorly from the left high parasternal short-axis view, a short-axis view of QPV was obtained. Results: In QPV cases diagnosed at autopsy, Hurwitz’s type-b with three equal cusps and one smaller cusp is dominant, whereas Hurwitz’s type-a with four equal cusps is dominant in clinically diagnosed cases. Patients with associated congenital heart anomaly and valvular stenosis are more frequent in patients with QPV than in patients with QAV. Coronary artery anomalies and infectious endocarditis are more frequent in patients with QAV than in patients with QPV. The incidence of PR is more common in type-a QPV than in type-b QPV. There is no difference between type-a QAV and type-b QAV with respect to the incidence of aortic regurgitation (AR). It is assumed that QPV is a risk factor for a Ross operation. However, QPVs have been used as autografts in certain patients. Conclusion: Between QPV and QAV, various differences were found about frequency rates, diagnostic methods, valve morphology, valve function, associated congenital heart diseases, and frequencies of infectious endocarditis.

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Quadricuspid pulmonary valve: A rare cause of pulmonary artery aneurysm

Tekinhatun

2024

Pediatric Pulmonology

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A 17‐year‐old male presented to our hospital from an external center with complaints of chest pain and shortness of breath, referred with preliminary diagnoses of pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary artery dilation. Echocardiography revealed moderate pulmonary regurgitation and mild pulmonary stenosis. Coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography showed normal coronary arteries and no presence of a patent ductus arteriosus, but an aneurysmal dilation of up to 4 cm was observed in the pulmonary artery. The patient was found to have a quadricuspid (QPV) pulmonary valve, while the aortic valve appeared normal. No phenotypic anomalies or accompanying aortic or lung abnormalities were detected in this case. Our case represents the first in the pediatric age group diagnosed via CT scan. Our study contributes insights into the relationship between QPV anomaly and pulmonary artery aneurysm, aiding in the diagnosis and management of these rare conditions. Furthermore, our findings highlight the importance of evaluating the possibility of QPV in patients with pulmonary valve stenosis, regurgitation, or artery aneurysm, emphasizing the significance of coronary CT angiography in the diagnostic process.

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Quadricuspid Pulmonary Valve

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Quadricuspid pulmonic valve found on well exam

Quadricuspid pulmonic valve found on well exam

Quadricuspid Pulmonary Valve: Case Report and the Comparison with Quadricuspid Aortic Valve

Quadricuspid pulmonary valve: A rare cause of pulmonary artery aneurysm

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