Quad-Band multi-polarized antenna with modified electric-inductive−capacitive resonator

Abstract

A compact circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna is presented for modern communication systems. The prospective antenna consists of a microstrip-line inset-fed rectangular patch and a defected ground plane. A rotated rectangular slot and a modified electric-inductive-capacitive (m-ELC) resonator are introduced in the patch and the ground plane to achieve multiband behaviour. A corner of the radiating patch is truncated and an arrow-shaped stub is introduced for generating circular polarization. The physical area of the substrate is 0.26λ0 × 0.22λ0, and the radiator size is 0.16λ0 × 0.14λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength estimated at the lowest frequency. The measured (S11≤-10 dB) bandwidths of the antenna are 80 MHz (3.58%) at 2.23 GHz, 75 MHz (2.64%) at 2.84 GHz, 80 MHz (2.50%) at 3.19 GHz, and 70 MHz (1.82%) at 3.83 GHz. The measured 3-dB axial ratio bandwidths are 40 MHz (1.41%), 100 MHz (3.12%), and 60 MHz (1.57%) at 2.84, 3.20 and 3.82 GHz, respectively. The proposed planar antenna design does not need dual-feed or multi-layered patches for achieving multiple CP bands. It offers easy integration with the printed circuits of the communication systems.

Design and implementation of a compact tri‐band four‐port multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna

“…The S ‐parameters calculated by HFSS® software are exported to MATLAB® for permittivity and permeability calculations. The mathematical expressions discussed in Reference 1 were used for the calculation of the medium parameters. The calculated permittivity ( and permeability are plotted in Figure 8.…”

“…Previously, multifunctional devices used multiple antennas for different applications, but due to technological advancements, the multiple resonating elements have been replaced by a single resonating element with the multiband operation. In the open literature, various techniques for the development of multiband antennas have been investigated and reported 1–6 . Multiband operation can be achieved by loading slots or slits in the patch/ground plane, 1,2 etching meta‐structures, 3,4 using electromagnetic bandgap (EBG), 5 and fractal geometry 6 …”

“…In the open literature, various techniques for the development of multiband antennas have been investigated and reported 1–6 . Multiband operation can be achieved by loading slots or slits in the patch/ground plane, 1,2 etching meta‐structures, 3,4 using electromagnetic bandgap (EBG), 5 and fractal geometry 6 …”

“…In the open literature, various techniques for the development of multiband antennas have been investigated and reported. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Multiband operation can be achieved by loading slots or slits in the patch/ ground plane, 1,2 etching meta-structures, 3,4 using electromagnetic bandgap (EBG), 5 and fractal geometry. 6 Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems have several advantages over single-input-single-output systems, including higher data rates, improved coverage, and channel noise and interference immunity.…”

Axial ratio tuned disk‐shapedS‐bandtriple notch circularly polarized slot antenna

“…An asymmetrically placed circular parasitic patch is used on the rear of the antenna to excite the grounded slot to provide the desired output. A single‐fed antenna radiating in a quad‐band is illustrated in Reference [17]. A rotated rectangular slot and a modified electric‐inductive‐capacitive (m‐ELC) resonator are added to the patch and the ground plane to get multi‐band behavior.…”