“…For instance, in common bean significant epistasis is observed for seed yield, the number of seeds per plant, and the number of pods per plant ( Moreto et al , 2012 ). In wheat, epistatic analysis using RIL mapping populations has detected one pair of epistatic QTL for the first internode component index and three pairs for the third internode component index, thereby providing information about plant height components and associated increases in yield ( Qin et al , 2022 ). Another study of common bean has indicated the role of epistasis in the genetic control of traits associated with yield in inter-gene-pool crosses ( Johnson and Gepts, 2002 ), and in rice it has been shown that epistasis regulates plant height on the genetic basis of midparent heterosis ( Shen et al , 2014 ).…”