QoS-aware energy-efficient mechanism for sleeping mode ONUs in enhanced EPON

Abstract

Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is a broadband access time-division multiplexing passive optical network technology which can be referred to as green network, as it has less power consumption compared with other networks. The optical network unit (ONU) is the best candidate to implement energy-saving adjustments in EPON. Turning off the ONU transmitter (Tx)/receiver (Rx) for substantial time is a common method to achieve the energy saving. However, setting overlong sleep duration decreases the QoS, while short sleep duration increases the ONU power consumption. The challenging issue is how to balance the trade-off between achieving energy saving and guaranteeing QoS. In this paper, we introduce an enhanced EPON architecture and a QoS-aware energy-saving mechanism to reduce ONU energy consumption and guarantee an overall QoS metric based on the ITU-T standards requirements. To achieve the energy saving in the upstream/downstream direction, two sleep durations are defined for the ONU's Tx/Rx to generate four ONU modes including active, transmission, doze, and sleep. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme B I-Shyan Hwang improves the energy efficiency 44 % in average to fulfill the QoS metrics in terms of packet loss, delay and jitter, and the buffer requirement.

PID Controller Based on a Self-Adaptive Neural Network to Ensure QoS Bandwidth Requirements in Passive Optical Networks

“…Furthermore, weights are modified using the gradient descent method. Then, the increments are adjusted according to the negative gradient direction to the weighting coefficients, equation (10), so an inertia term (a) and a learning rate coefficient (h) directly impact on the evolution and the convergence speed of the NN. Although both parameters are initially set to 0.1 (following the literature) in the results section we will analyze their impact on the NN.…”

“…These QoS restrictions have to be efficiently fulfilled by DBA algorithms and it is highly desirable that the performance of these algorithms becomes independent from real time network or traffic conditions. In this way, the majority of DBA algorithms are focused on complying with QoS requirements [10][11] stipulated by service providers. The most common type of SLA contract regards to ensure minimum bandwidth levels depending on the profile priority and its related applications or services, so service providers should be provided with robust DBA algorithms that comply with these guaranteed bandwidths.…”

Energy Saving Scheme Based on Multi-modes Hybrid Dynamic Bandwidth Optimization for Software Defined Distribution Optical Networks

“…As a result, a huge waste of network resources exists in idle areas in all working devices. What's more, the majority of traditional schemes realize bandwidth allocation according to terminal bandwidth requirements and pre-established 3-saving mode (active, doze and sleep) switching policies [24], [25]. However, in the current 3-saving mode DBA method (3M-DBA), when the end point of the DBA period is reached, regardless of whether there is a large data traffic, ONU will always be awakened.…”

A SIEPON based transmitter sleep mode energy-efficient mechanism in EPON

“…Recently, many works have proposed to improve the standards by optimization of the traffic flow and scheduling in the sleep mode [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In [19], an energy management mechanism is proposed to schedule two types of downstream schedule schemes, upstream centric scheme (UCS) and the downstream centric scheme (DCS), to maximize the sleep time and network performance.…”

“…An energy-saving scheme based on downstream packet scheduling (ESPS) in EPON is proposed that a hybrid sleep mode contains not only ONU deep sleep mode but also independent sleep modes for the transmitter and the receiver to ensure that the energy consumed by the ONUs is minimal [23]. An enhanced EPON architecture and a QoS-aware energy-saving mechanism to reduce ONU energy consumption and guarantee an overall QoS metric is proposed in [24] with two independent sleep durations for ONU transmitter and receiver. The sleep duration (incorporating the sleep, doze, and transmission modes) is calculated based on the traffic types boundary delay, OLT/ONU queue status, maximum number of bits in the REPORT message, and the time between two sequential ONU reports.…”