“…Over the past decade, various aspects of pub-sub systems have been widely studied including subscription mechanisms, architectures, quality-of-service, mobility, and reliability [6], [14], [2], [3], [15], [16], [17], [9], [18], [19], [7], [20]. Surprisingly, the issue of redundant and partial event messages, which are very common 8 in settings with human participants, has received little research attention.…”