QCM Operation in Liquids:  Constant Sensitivity during Formation of Extended Protein Multilayers by Affinity

Detection of Olfactory Receptor I7 Self‐Assembled Multilayer Formation and Immobilization Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance

“…It was demonstrated for QCs oscillating in solution that Sauerbrey's equation is not always valid as it stands. No direct conversion, unless special cases where certain experimental conditions are supposed, can be made between frequency variations and mass deposited on the QC surface [Martin et al, 1991;Rickert et al, 1997;Janshoff et al, 2001].…”

“…These act as solid mass attached to the QC surface, causing the frequency variations to be associated 3 with phenomena other than just the layer mass increase [Janshoff et al,2001;Rickert et al, 1997]. This trapping is dependent on the type of molecules or substances that constitute the layer and has been reported to contribute to as much as 70 percent of the frequency variation of the QC in some cases [Rickert et al, 1997].…”

“…These act as solid mass attached to the QC surface, causing the frequency variations to be associated 3 with phenomena other than just the layer mass increase [Janshoff et al,2001;Rickert et al, 1997]. This trapping is dependent on the type of molecules or substances that constitute the layer and has been reported to contribute to as much as 70 percent of the frequency variation of the QC in some cases [Rickert et al, 1997]. Indeed, frequency variations are also caused by acoustic energy dissipation due to changes in the viscosity of the layer, as well as changes in the solution properties (density and viscosity) which may arise from the addition of other solutions [Martin et al, 1991;Ghafouri et al, 2000].…”

Development of immunosensors based on commercially available surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices

“…In the past years, various strategies for the production of biosensors on the basis of acoustic mass-sensitive sensors were studied extensively and described in detail in literature [14,[19][20][21]. These descriptions, however, focused on devices of own construction with gold structures that were adapted to the specific measurement problem.…”

Anodic Polymerization of Phenol-Modified Biotin: Patterned Deposition and Layer Characterization

“…In this case, biotin can serve as an example of an organic low molecular weight compound that is to be immobilized. On the other hand, binding of streptavidin offers further binding sites for biotinylated molecules [21] due to the tetrameric structure of streptavidin.…”