QbD based antifungal drug-loaded ophthalmic liposomal formulation for the management of fungal keratitis: In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies

Pirfenidone: A Promising Drug in Ocular Therapeutics

“…[101][102][103][104] Numerous nano-systems and formulation strategies have been devised to address the complexities of keratitis-related issues, utilizing a variety of antimicrobial agents. [96,[105][106][107][108][109] Nevertheless, only a limited number of studies have directed their attention towards tackling the secondary complication of corneal scarring. In our prior publication, we presented the in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviour of pirfenidone and its promising utility as an antiscarring agent for addressing ulcerative fungal keratitis and related conditions.…”

“…If left untreated, the infection can potentially spread to the brain, posing a serious risk to the patient‘s life [101–104] . Numerous nano‐systems and formulation strategies have been devised to address the complexities of keratitis‐related issues, utilizing a variety of antimicrobial agents [96,105–109] . Nevertheless, only a limited number of studies have directed their attention towards tackling the secondary complication of corneal scarring.…”

Simultaneous estimation of voriconazole, moxifloxacin, and pirfenidone in rabbit lacrimal matrix using LC-MS/MS: an application to preclinical ocular pharmacokinetics

“…Post-instillation the eyelids were manually kept closed for 15 s to prevent medication loss. The pre-dosing and post-dosing lacrimal uid sampling (10 mL) was done using glass microcapillary from the lower cul-de-sac of unanesthetized rabbits 5,41 at predetermined time intervals of 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480, and 600 min, respectively. The collected samples were stored at −65 ± 5 °C till the nal bioanalysis.…”

A QbD‐led simple and sensitive RP‐UHPLC method for simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin, voriconazole, and pirfenidone: An application to pharmaceutical analysis

“…Other principal factors behind ulcerative microbial keratitis include corneal wounds, postoperative surgery, invasive therapies, long‐term usage of immunosuppressants and chemotherapeutic drugs (Keay et al, 2011; Klotz et al, 2000; Thomas, 2003). Therefore, to combat such clinical syndromes, combined antimicrobial treatments are recommended by ophthalmologists (Jirasková et al, 2013; Sanap, Bisen, Agrawal, et al, 2022; Sanap, Bisen, Kedar, et al, 2022; Sanap, Bisen, Mishra, et al, 2022; Sanap, Mishra, Bisen, et al, 2022; Tandon et al, 2003). Moreover, an anti‐scarring agent is also indicated for the quick and flawless repair of the corneal ulcer (Chowdhury et al, 2013; Khanum et al, 2017; Mohan et al, 2014; Zhong et al, 2011).…”