QB-Gest: Qwerty Bimanual Gestural Input for Eyes-Free Smartphone Text Input

AnkleType: A Hands- and Eyes-free Foot-based Text Entry Technique in Virtual Reality

“…Eye-free text entry refers to entering text without requiring visual attention to the keyboard or finger/cursor movement [41,63,78]. Literature has explored supporting eye-free text entry across various contexts, such as smartphone [79,86], tablet [37], VR [19], and wearable devices [77,78]. For example, Zhu et al [86] explored supporting typing on a smartphone with an invisible keyboard, achieving an average typing of 37.8 WPM after 3 days of training.…”

“…Participants could see neither the keyboard layout nor the cursor position indicators [7,41,87]. For the study under the Blind condition, as suggested by previous works [74,79], we provided a cheat sheet mechanism by allowing the users to have a glance at the keyboard layout if they required to. The keyboard layout cue would appear for 10 seconds each time, and we recorded the number of requests each participant made each day.…”

AnkleType: A Hands- and Eyes-free Foot-based Text Entry Technique in Virtual Reality

“…Eye-free text entry refers to entering text without requiring visual attention to the keyboard or finger/cursor movement [41,63,78]. Literature has explored supporting eye-free text entry across various contexts, such as smartphone [79,86], tablet [37], VR [19], and wearable devices [77,78]. For example, Zhu et al [86] explored supporting typing on a smartphone with an invisible keyboard, achieving an average typing of 37.8 WPM after 3 days of training.…”

“…Participants could see neither the keyboard layout nor the cursor position indicators [7,41,87]. For the study under the Blind condition, as suggested by previous works [74,79], we provided a cheat sheet mechanism by allowing the users to have a glance at the keyboard layout if they required to. The keyboard layout cue would appear for 10 seconds each time, and we recorded the number of requests each participant made each day.…”

Which Thumb, the Left or Right, Touches the Letter Keys on a Smartphone QWERTY Soft Keyboard during Two-Thumb Key Entry?

“…Palin et al [1] reported that 87.0% of approximately 37,000 survey participants from 163 countries primarily used a QWERTY layout for text entry in 2018, and Statista [2] confirmed that more than 70.0% of smartphone users worldwide used chat, messaging, and email on their smartphones between July 2022 and June 2023. As such, a QWERTY soft keyboard has been popularly employed for text input on smartphones [1,[3][4][5], and communication using text input is considered the most common activity among smartphone users [2,6]. In general, studies [7][8][9] have predicted that the primary reason for this popularity is that smartphone users are familiar with a QWERTY layout based on their previous experiences with personal computers, and thus, they prefer a QWERTY soft keyboard as a means of text input.…”

DESSK: Description Space for Soft Keyboards

“…Nevertheless, there is no theoretical framework to situate this work in relation to proposed or existing systems. Several reviews and workshops reflect on text input [44,50,23,18,27]; however, given the diversity of systems, interaction contexts, or interaction modalities, these reviews focus on one or a few specific criteria -e.g., accessibility according to a motor impairment [45] or visual impairment [55,46], mobile use [24], or 3D virtual environments [10] -and compare the systems according to this prism.…”

AnkleType: A Hands- and Eyes-free Foot-based Text Entry Technique in Virtual Reality

“…Eye-free text entry refers to entering text without requiring visual attention to the keyboard or finger/cursor movement [41,63,78]. Literature has explored supporting eye-free text entry across various contexts, such as smartphone [79,86], tablet [37], VR [19], and wearable devices [77,78]. For example, Zhu et al [86] explored supporting typing on a smartphone with an invisible keyboard, achieving an average typing of 37.8 WPM after 3 days of training.…”

“…Participants could see neither the keyboard layout nor the cursor position indicators [7,41,87]. For the study under the Blind condition, as suggested by previous works [74,79], we provided a cheat sheet mechanism by allowing the users to have a glance at the keyboard layout if they required to. The keyboard layout cue would appear for 10 seconds each time, and we recorded the number of requests each participant made each day.…”

Which Thumb, the Left or Right, Touches the Letter Keys on a Smartphone QWERTY Soft Keyboard during Two-Thumb Key Entry?

“…Palin et al [1] reported that 87.0% of approximately 37,000 survey participants from 163 countries primarily used a QWERTY layout for text entry in 2018, and Statista [2] confirmed that more than 70.0% of smartphone users worldwide used chat, messaging, and email on their smartphones between July 2022 and June 2023. As such, a QWERTY soft keyboard has been popularly employed for text input on smartphones [1,[3][4][5], and communication using text input is considered the most common activity among smartphone users [2,6]. In general, studies [7][8][9] have predicted that the primary reason for this popularity is that smartphone users are familiar with a QWERTY layout based on their previous experiences with personal computers, and thus, they prefer a QWERTY soft keyboard as a means of text input.…”

DESSK: Description Space for Soft Keyboards

“…Nevertheless, there is no theoretical framework to situate this work in relation to proposed or existing systems. Several reviews and workshops reflect on text input [44,50,23,18,27]; however, given the diversity of systems, interaction contexts, or interaction modalities, these reviews focus on one or a few specific criteria -e.g., accessibility according to a motor impairment [45] or visual impairment [55,46], mobile use [24], or 3D virtual environments [10] -and compare the systems according to this prism.…”

AnkleType: A Hands- and Eyes-free Foot-based Text Entry Technique in Virtual Reality

“…Eye-free text entry refers to entering text without requiring visual attention to the keyboard or finger/cursor movement [41,63,78]. Literature has explored supporting eye-free text entry across various contexts, such as smartphone [79,86], tablet [37], VR [19], and wearable devices [77,78]. For example, Zhu et al [86] explored supporting typing on a smartphone with an invisible keyboard, achieving an average typing of 37.8 WPM after 3 days of training.…”

“…Participants could see neither the keyboard layout nor the cursor position indicators [7,41,87]. For the study under the Blind condition, as suggested by previous works [74,79], we provided a cheat sheet mechanism by allowing the users to have a glance at the keyboard layout if they required to. The keyboard layout cue would appear for 10 seconds each time, and we recorded the number of requests each participant made each day.…”

Which Thumb, the Left or Right, Touches the Letter Keys on a Smartphone QWERTY Soft Keyboard during Two-Thumb Key Entry?

“…Palin et al [1] reported that 87.0% of approximately 37,000 survey participants from 163 countries primarily used a QWERTY layout for text entry in 2018, and Statista [2] confirmed that more than 70.0% of smartphone users worldwide used chat, messaging, and email on their smartphones between July 2022 and June 2023. As such, a QWERTY soft keyboard has been popularly employed for text input on smartphones [1,[3][4][5], and communication using text input is considered the most common activity among smartphone users [2,6]. In general, studies [7][8][9] have predicted that the primary reason for this popularity is that smartphone users are familiar with a QWERTY layout based on their previous experiences with personal computers, and thus, they prefer a QWERTY soft keyboard as a means of text input.…”

DESSK: Description Space for Soft Keyboards

“…Nevertheless, there is no theoretical framework to situate this work in relation to proposed or existing systems. Several reviews and workshops reflect on text input [44,50,23,18,27]; however, given the diversity of systems, interaction contexts, or interaction modalities, these reviews focus on one or a few specific criteria -e.g., accessibility according to a motor impairment [45] or visual impairment [55,46], mobile use [24], or 3D virtual environments [10] -and compare the systems according to this prism.…”