QA/acceptance testing of DEXA X-ray systems used in bone mineral densitometry

Larkin, A.; Sheahan, N. F.; O'Connor, U.; Gray, Linda; Dowling, A.; Vañó, Eliseo; Torbica, Pavle; Salát, D.; Schreiner, A.; Neofotistou, V.; Malone, Jim

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn086

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…One of the main strengths of DXA is the low radiation exposure for patients [10,23]. Nevertheless, recent advances in DXA technology (e.g., spatial resolution improvement, small time consumption) have involved an increase in radiation dose [24].…”

Section: Dose Radiation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reported scatter dose rates at 1 m from the central axis of the patient table range from a few tenths of 1-5 lSv/h depending on the scanner model. From these values, recent calculations and measurements indicate that the annual dose from fan-beam systems for an average workload (20 patients/day) at 1 m from the scanner will be between 0.1 and 1.5 mSv, depending on the scanner model [10,27].…”

Section: Dose Radiation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pregnant staff member can continue working in a DXA scanning room as long as the fetal dose is kept below 1 mGy for the term of the pregnancy [28]. An increase in the operator's distance from the patient and the use of mobile or immobile shielding can reduce the operator's radiation exposure [10]. The need for shielding mainly depends on the patient workload, size of the examination room and type of DXA scanner (especially for fan-beam technology) [12 • ].…”

Section: Dose Radiation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, if the room configuration does not allow the necessary distance between the DXA and operator, a transparent lead-acrylic shielding may be needed to protect the technicians during the examination [10].…”

Section: Dose Radiation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, performing the periodic and daily machine calibration tests conforming to the manufacturers' guidelines, an adequate acquisition and analysis of data, and correct interpretation and reporting of results are essential steps to help the management of patients [8,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality Assurance in Bone Densitometry

et al. 2013

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Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a well-established method for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and monitoring of treatment. Recent advances in DXA technologies have improved accuracy and precision. Nevertheless, errors in bone mineral density measurement and interpretation could occur and negatively affect the diagnosis and management of patients. These errors can result from improper equipment installation and maintenance, inadequate education and training in bone densitometry, and insufficient knowledge of current clinical guidelines. This review describes the current procedures of quality assurance in bone densitometry and emphasizes strict adherence of technicians and clinicians to manufacturers' recommendations and current clinical guidelines.

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Section: Dose Radiation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dose Radiation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dose Radiation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dose Radiation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality Assurance in Bone Densitometry

et al. 2013

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Understanding entrance‐air‐kerma as a quality‐control metric for dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry

Thomas

Jimenez

Fahrenholtz

et al. 2022

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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The low exposures, unique x-ray beam geometry, and scanning design in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) make measurement and quality-control strategies different from traditional x-ray equipment. This study examines the dependence of measured entrance-air-kerma (EAK) on both dose sensor type and scan length. The feasibility of using EAK to compare scanner output between different scan modes, individual scanners, and scanner platforms was also established. Finally, the congruence between measured and vendor-reported EAK was analyzed. Methods: Four Hologic DXA scanners at two institutions and all four available scan modes were tested. EAK was measured directly by three types of Radcal dose sensors: 60-cc pancake ion-chamber (IC), 180-cc pancake IC, and solid-state detector. The coefficient of variation (COV) was used to assess the dependence of EAK on scan length. Variations in EAK between the types of dose sensors as well as measured versus vendor-reported values were evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis: mean ±95% prediction interval (PI): 1.96σ. Results: Dose sensor variations in EAK were minimal, with a −3.5 ± 3.5% (mean ±95% PI) percent difference between the two sizes of IC's. The solidstate detector produced highly similar measurements to the 180-cc IC. These small differences were consistent across all scanners and all scan modes tested. Neither measured nor vendor-reported EAK values were found to show relevant dependence on scan length, with all COV values ≤4%. Differences between measured and reported EAK were higher at −6 ± 48%. Likely errors in vendor-reported EAK calculations were also identified. Conclusion:It is feasible to quantify DXA scanner stability using EAK as a quality-control metric with a variety of solid-state and IC dose sensors, and the scan length used is not critical. Although vendor-reported EAK was consistent among scanners of the same platform, measured EAK varied significantly from scanner to scanner. As a result, measured and reported EAK may not always be comparable.

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Radiation Protection and Quality Assurance in Bone Densitometry

Damilakis

Solomou

2013

Osteoporosis and Bone Densitometry Measurements

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QA/acceptance testing of DEXA X-ray systems used in bone mineral densitometry

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Quality Assurance in Bone Densitometry

Quality Assurance in Bone Densitometry

Understanding entrance‐air‐kerma as a quality‐control metric for dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry

Radiation Protection and Quality Assurance in Bone Densitometry

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