Q-r curve of thermal tomography and its clinical application on breast tumor diagnosis

Abstract

Abstract:Heat is the product following the metabolism of cells, and the metabolism is closely related with the pathological information of living organism. So, there are strong ties between the heat distribution and the pathological state in living organism. In this paper, the mathematical function δ is introduced in the classical Pennes bio-heat transfer equation as the point heat source. By simplifying the boundary conditions, a novel bio-heat transfer model is established and solved in a spherical coordinate system. Based on the temperature distribution of human body surface, the information of heat source is mined layer by layer, and the corresponding q-r curve of heat intensity varying with depth is acquired combining the fitting method of Lorentz curve. According to a large number of clinical confirmed cases and statistics, the diagnostic criteria judging diseases by q-r curve are proposed. Five typical clinical practices are performed and four of the diagnosis results are very consistent with those of molybdenum target (MT) X-ray, B-ultrasonic images and pathological examination, one gives the result of early stage malignant tumor that MT X-ray and B-ultrasonic can't check out. It is a radiation-free green method with noninvasive diagnostic procedure and accurate diagnosis result.

FSOCA‐induced switchable footpad skin optical clearing window for blood flow and cell imaging in vivo

“…In our study, we applied a self-made reservoir to keep the surface of skin immersed into the abundant reagent, thus the transparent skin window could be maintained for longer times to meet the need of imaging. Therefore, there were no obvious changes in blood-flow distribution after skin became transparent in this work (see Figure 4) and previous investigations [19,42].…”

“…It was well known that surgical operations were always accompanied with bleeding and changes of the normal physiological environment during process of model establishment [10,11]. Recently, the rapidly developed tissue optical clearing (TOC) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] technique provides an alternative solution through topical application of optical clearing agents (OCAs) on the dorsal skin, which demonstrated its powerful capacity in optimizing the imaging performances, including the imaging depth, resolution, contrast and sensitivity, of various optical imaging modalities, e. g. laser speckle contrast imaging [19][20][21][22], photoacoustic microscopy [23,24], optical coherence tomography [25,26], confocal microscopy [27,28], two-photon microscopy [29,30] and flow cytometry [31,32], etc.…”

Detection theory for accurate and non-invasive skin cancer diagnosis using dynamic thermal imaging

“…In the transfer of heat in biological environments, Pennes bioheat equation [34] is generally considered as the most suitable method in all the bioheat models so far [35]. The Pennes bioheat equation is normally simplified as k∇ 2 s + q v = ρC ∂s ∂t , where k, C and ρ are the coefficient of heat conduction of the skin, the thermal capacity of the skin and the tissue density, respectively.…”

Detection of time-varying heat sources using an analytic forward model

“…Assume a static heat source (4) with s(t) = Qδ(x 0 ) (and abuse the notation again to infuse the term c into Q). We now follow the method described in [35,36]. Take the equation (5) in steady-state and in spherical coordinates, with the origin set at the point source location x 0 , to get…”