Q-plate technology: a progress review [Invited]

Rubano, Andrea; Cardano, Filippo; Piccirillo, Bruno; Marrucci, Lorenzo

doi:10.1364/josab.36.000d70

Cited by 145 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…(Indeed, singularities of the spin direction are "L-lines" of linear polarization [14,67,90], but we now consider purely-circularly-polarized fields.) It is important to note the following peculiarities of the spin-redirection phase (26). First, the vectors (ā,b) are not uniquely defined for circular polarizations; these vectors can be rotated by an arbitrary angle with respect tō s that directly adds to the (arbitrary) vibration phase .…”

Section: Spin-redirection Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As another instructive example, we consider the relations between the AM and phases in paraxial 2D fields with discrete azimuthal symmetries, such as fields produced by "q-plates" [9][10][11]26]. Assuming a q-plate with topological charge q, phase retardation δ, and incident circularly-polarized plane wave with the Jones vector 1 0 (helicity σ = 1) or 0 1 (σ = −1) in the circular basis, the output field (5) generated by the q-plate can be written as…”

Section: Other Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are therefore ubiquitous in several areas of modern optics including polarization manipulations [4,[9][10][11], singular optics [12][13][14], and the angular momentum (AM) of light [15][16][17][18][19]. Geometric phases are crucial as both a fundamental concept and a practical tool underlying optical elements, such as "metasurfaces" and "q-plates" [9][10][11][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geometric phases in 2D and 3D polarized fields: geometrical, dynamical, and topological aspects

2019

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Geometric phases are a universal concept that underpins numerous phenomena involving multicomponent wave fields. These polarization-dependent phases are inherent in interference effects, spin-orbit interaction phenomena, and topological properties of vector wave fields. Geometric phases have been thoroughly studied in two-component fields, such as two-level quantum systems or paraxial optical waves. However, their description for fields with three or more components, such as generic nonparaxial optical fields routinely used in modern nano-optics, constitutes a nontrivial problem.Here we describe geometric, dynamical, and total phases calculated along a closed spatial contour in a multi-component complex field, with particular emphasis on 2D (paraxial) and 3D (nonparaxial) optical fields. We present several equivalent approaches: (i) an algebraic formalism, universal for any multi-component field; (ii) a dynamical approach using the Coriolis coupling between the spin angular momentum and reference-frame rotations; and (iii) a geometric representation, which unifies the Pancharatnam-Berry phase for the 2D polarization on the Poincaré sphere and the Majoranasphere representation for the 3D polarized fields. Most importantly, we reveal close connections between geometric phases, angular-momentum properties of the field, and topological properties of polarization singularities in 2D and 3D fields, such as C-points and polarization Möbius strips.

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Section: Spin-redirection Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geometric phases in 2D and 3D polarized fields: geometrical, dynamical, and topological aspects

2019

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“…This led to the realization that VVBs can also be identified by the presence or absence of TAM carried by the beam, and geometric phase has been shown to play a critical role in this beam attribute. In addition to TMFs, [150][151][152][153]162 VVBs have also been generated using a variety of methods, including interferometry, [145][146][147]175 LC Q-plates, 125,176 optical crystals, [177][178][179] stressed optical element, 154,180 and, more recently, using structured metasurfaces [181][182][183] and in plasmonicfields. 184 Generation of the family of VVBs using LCoS devices 74,[185][186][187] and their recent off-shoot the DMDs 132,188 were notably missed in the above discussion as they belong to active and flexible generation methods.…”

Section: Generation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Q-plate is a liquid crystal (LC) device having an azimuthal pattern of the LC molecular director around a central point, as shown in Fig. 23, 125 and works based on the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of light in anisotropic-inhomogeneous medium. The Q-plate pattern is characterized mainly by the topological charge q of the central singularity, which can be an integer or half-integer number.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Generation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation and decomposition of scalar and vector modes carrying orbital angular momentum: a review

et al. 2019

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Orbital angular momentum (OAM), one of the most recently discovered degrees of freedom of light beam field has fundamentally revolutionized optical physics and its technological capabilities. Optical beams with OAM have enabled a large variety of applications, including super-resolution imaging, optical trapping, classical and quantum optical communication, and quantum computing, to mention a few. To enable these and several other emerging applications, optical beams with OAM have been generated using a variety of methods and technologies, such as a simple astigmatic lens pair, one-/two-dimensional holographic optical elements, threedimensional spiral phase plates, optical fibers, and recent entrants such as metasurfaces. All these techniques achieve spatial light modulation and can be implemented with either passive elements or active devices, such as liquid crystal on silicon and digital micromirror devices. Many of these devices and technologies are not only used for the generation of amplitude phase-polarization structured light beams but are also capable of analyzing them. We have attempted to encompass a wide variety of such technologies as well as a few emerging methodologies, broadly categorized into generation and detection protocols. We address the needs of scientists and engineers who desire to generate/detect OAM modes and are looking for the technique (active or passive) best suited for their application. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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When Structured Light Encounters Liquid Crystals

Zhou,

Zhong,

Liu

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Structured light refers to the light field tailored by various degrees of freedom including intensity, phase, and polarization states in both spatial and temporal domains, which may greatly vitalize the technologies in both optics, such as the next‐generation optical communication as well as subwavelength imaging and the materials science in both fabrication and characterization. The structured characteristics of the structure light need materials also with structured optical properties that can generate or manipulate structured light in a straightforward way, which can be well satisfied by liquid crystals, a soft mater that can self‐assemble into tunable ordered structures through external stimuli. This review summarizes the research progress of the liquid crystal‐based devices used in structured light generations and modulations, including the well‐established techniques in the market, like the spatial light modulator, q‐plate and the liquid crystal integrated optical metasurfaces. Especially, light‐matter interactions are discussed from the topological view of both the structured light and the liquid crystal structures. Such a perfect matching in topology makes the liquid crystal a promising star together with structured light in future optic and photonic technologies.

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Q-plate technology: a progress review [Invited]

Cited by 145 publications

References 114 publications

Geometric phases in 2D and 3D polarized fields: geometrical, dynamical, and topological aspects

Geometric phases in 2D and 3D polarized fields: geometrical, dynamical, and topological aspects

Generation and decomposition of scalar and vector modes carrying orbital angular momentum: a review

When Structured Light Encounters Liquid Crystals

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