Q fever seroprevalence and risk factors in sheep and goats in northwest Italy

Rizzo, F.; Vitale, Nicoletta; Ballardini, Marco; Borromeo, V.; Luzzago, C.; Chiavacci, Laura; Mandola, Maria Lucia

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.05.014

Cited by 53 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The probability of having at least one positive animal did not depend neither from the flock size, nor from the presence of other animal species housed in the holding. This finding is not in agreement with those studies reporting the flock size as herd-level risk factor for C. burnetii [27]. The prevalence at animal-level of C. burnetii resulted three times higher in sheep compared to cattle (37.8% vs. 12.0%); the prevalence at herd-level was higher in sheep than in cattle (87.2% vs. 68.5%) as well.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…These serosurveys reported prevalence at the animal-level ranging from 11% to 19.5% in sheep and 6.2% to 14.4% in cattle. The reported prevalence at the herd-level ranged from 38.7% to 74% in sheep, and from 16.7% to 71% in cattle [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In Italy, the data on Q fever prevalence in ruminants are mainly related to animals with reproductive disorders and particularly to those with abortion as the major clinical problem [29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-sectional serosurvey of Coxiella burnetii in healthy cattle and sheep from extensive grazing system in central Italy

et al. 2020

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A cross-sectional survey was carried out to estimate the seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in extensively grazed cattle and sheep from central Italy and to identify the related risk factors. Data on notified human Q fever cases in the area were also collected and described. A two-stage cluster sampling was performed. A total of 5083 animals (2210 cattle; 2873 sheep) belonging to 186 farms (92 herds; 94 flocks) were tested for the presence of antibodies against C. burnetii using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The prevalence at the animal-level resulted three times higher in sheep compared to cattle (37.8% vs. 12.0%; χ2 = 270.10, P < 0.001). The prevalence at the herd-level was also higher in sheep than in cattle (87.2% vs. 68.5%; χ2 = 9.52, P < 0.01). The multivariate analysis showed a higher risk of seropositivity for cattle aged 67–107 months (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.86–4.18), cattle >107 months of age (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.36–3.14) and mixed breed cattle (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.11–2.72). A herd size >92 animals was recognized as herd-level risk factor in cattle (OR 6.88, 95% CI 1.67–28.37). The risk of being seropositive was double in sheep belonging to flocks >600 animals (odds ratio (OR) 2.04, 95% CI 1.63–2.56). Sheep were confirmed to be the most exposed species. Nevertheless, the prevalence observed in cattle also suggests the potential involvement of this species in the circulation of the pathogen in the area. Seven confirmed human Q fever cases were reported. In five out of seven cases there was at least one exposed herd within a 5 km buffer. Even though the source of the infection was not identified, the possibility of C. burnetii circulating in the livestock and human population in the study area cannot be overlooked. The integration between veterinary and human surveillance will be crucial to understand the spread of this zoonosis and to support the adoption of appropriate control measures.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional serosurvey of Coxiella burnetii in healthy cattle and sheep from extensive grazing system in central Italy

et al. 2020

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“…Older animals showed a higher percentage of seropositivity to C. burnetii, corroborating Anastácio et al (2013) and Jung et al (2014), who reported significantly higher seropositivity on older sheep and goat, when compared to young animals in the flock. This higher seroprevalence was expected, due the more probability of repeated contacts with the pathogen proportionally to life span (RIZZO et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Serological diagnosis and risk factors for Coxiella burnetii in goats and sheep in a semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil

Souza

Castro

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic agent transmitted mainly by small ruminants. In Brazil the disease has been classified as a notifiable disease since 2013, when human cases were reported. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the presence of anti- Coxiella burnetii antibodies in goats and sheep in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Sera of 412 goats and 403 sheep from municipality of Petrolina, Pernambuco, were examined by the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) against antigens of C. burnetii. Information about management variables (independent variables) that could be associated with the presence of the microorganism (dependent variables) were obtained from the supervisor of each farm. It was determined that 2.2% (9/412) of the goats and 2.1% (9/403) of the sheep had antibodies reactive to C. burnetii. The presence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies was associated with the dry area of the Sequeiro (a region in the northern part of the municipality of Petrolina) (P = 0.025), male sheep (P = 0.020), and intensive goat breeding (P = 0.005). This study therefore showed the presence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies in goat and sheep, confirming for the first time that this agent is likely circulating among goat herds in the Caatinga Biome, semi-arid of Brazil.

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“…In addition, abortion or death of an animal may have a larger impact on current consumption capacity for owners of small herds. On the other hand, herd size is a risk factor for many infectious diseases in livestock, with individual risk of infection typically higher in larger herds (Makita et al, 2011;Rizzo et al, 2016). Therefore, a systematic relationship between herd size and livestock losses is not obvious.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic burden of livestock disease and drought in Northern Tanzania

Ahmed¹,

Yoder²,

Glanville³

et al. 2019

J. Dev. Agric. Econ.

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Livestock-dependent communities face considerable livestock disease and drought risk, which can impact herd value, income and consumption. This paper summarizes economic data collected from 404 households in Arusha and Manyara regions of Northern Tanzania in 2016. They provide estimates for (i) herd loss due to disease and drought as a fraction of herd value and income, (ii) the relative risk of disease and drought in small versus large ruminants and (iii) the relationship between livestock disease outcomes and household expenditures. We find that disease and drought losses comprise 10 to 4% of sheep, cattle and goat herd value, and amount to an estimated 62.1% of household income. The drought and disease risk ratios for small versus large ruminants indicate that small stock face higher disease risk, while large ruminants are affected more by drought. Furthermore, cattle abortions are negatively related to schooling expenditure and positively associated with increases in off-farm food expenditure related to livestock management, presumably through increased investments in prevention and therapy. These results suggest that climatic variability and livestock diseases are an important source of economic vulnerability and reducing this burden may help alleviate poverty in livestock-dependent communities.

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Q fever seroprevalence and risk factors in sheep and goats in northwest Italy

Cited by 53 publications

References 43 publications

Cross-sectional serosurvey of Coxiella burnetii in healthy cattle and sheep from extensive grazing system in central Italy

Cross-sectional serosurvey of Coxiella burnetii in healthy cattle and sheep from extensive grazing system in central Italy

Serological diagnosis and risk factors for Coxiella burnetii in goats and sheep in a semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil

Economic burden of livestock disease and drought in Northern Tanzania

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