Q fever

Parker, Neil R; Barralet, Jennifer H; Bell, A

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68266-4

Cited by 416 publications

(490 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Q fever (Coxiellosis) is a ubiquitous anthropozoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular bacterium with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts including man, domestic animals and birds [1]. The organism has been reported from all parts of the world, with the exception of the Antarctic region [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Q fever in farm animals in Saudi Arabia

Jarelnabi¹,

Alshaikh²,

Bakhiet³

et al. 2018

biomedicalresearch

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This study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of Q fever in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia. Serum samples from 489 camels, 428 cattle, 630 sheep and 423 goats, of either sex, from different localities were tested for antibodies against C. burnetii using a Q fever indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A subsample of 307 animals of different species was simultaneously tested for C. burnetii antibodies by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). The overall seroprevalence was 30.71%. Prevalence by species was 51.53%, 30.67%, 34.04% and 12.38% in camels, cattle, goats and sheep, respectively. Significant differences in seroprevalence were recorded between species and locations. The prevalence was overtly higher in adult as compared to young animals. No significant difference was recorded between male and female animals. There was a close agreement between ELISA and IFA results in cattle and camels while the results of the two tests were at variance in sheep and goats. The results indicate that the domestic livestock and the camel are the source of Q fever endemicity in Saudi Arabia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Q fever in farm animals in Saudi Arabia

Jarelnabi¹,

Alshaikh²,

Bakhiet³

et al. 2018

biomedicalresearch

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“…Nonetheless, C. burnetii causes approximately 5 % of endocarditis cases in some regions (Fournier et al, 1996). Q-Vax is a monovalent vaccine developed by the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories (CSL) from formalin-inactivated purified phase I C. burnetii whole cells and has been available in Australia since 1989 (Parker et al, 2006). Q fever vaccination in high-risk groups such as abattoir workers has been responsible for a large reduction in Q fever notifications, especially since a national funded programme commenced in 2002 in Australia (Gidding et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii endocarditis after Q fever vaccination

Trubiano

Holmes

Williams

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Coxiella burnetii is the causative bacterium of Q fever, a vaccine-preventable infection. C. burnetii is an unusual cause of culture-negative endocarditis. Here, we present a case of Q fever native valve endocarditis that developed in a young man despite prior vaccination. Definitive diagnosis was difficult and required C. burnetii-specific PCR testing. Case reportA 29-year-old Australian man was admitted in April 2012 for elective aortic and mitral valve replacement for progressive severe aortic and mitral regurgitation with mild aortic root dilatation from Marfan's syndrome. His past medical history included a meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus-colonized chronic left leg ulcer requiring oral flucloxacillin 500 mg four-times daily, chronic fatigue syndrome and recent partial dental clearance. He denied intravenous drug use. He lived in a country town where he worked as a house painter.A St Jude mitral and aortic valve replacement was performed with preservation of the aortic root. An intraoperative diagnosis of native valve infective endocarditis was suspected due to the appearance of concurrent healed aortic and mitral valve vegetations. Interestingly, his preoperative transoesophageal echocardiogram was normal.Post-operatively, further history of occupational and environmental exposures relevant to endocarditis was obtained. Cat scratches, farm animal exposure, ingestion of unpasteurized milk and abattoir work raised the possibility of Bartonella spp., Brucella spp. and Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) as infectious aetiologies. Twelve years earlier (late March 2000), he commenced work at a local abattoir. At commencement of employment, he underwent a medical review and was screened for Q fever on 28 March 2000: baseline serology was negative (immunofluorescence phase II antibody ,10, complement fixation test against phase II antigen ,2.5), and a skin test using 0.5 ml purified killed suspension of C. burnetii was also negative. Documentation illustrates that he was subsequently vaccinated 7 days later with Q-Vax (CSL Biotherapies Q fever vaccine 0.5 ml containing 25 mg purified killed suspension of C. burnetii). He worked at the abattoir for 8 months. Approximately 9 months later, he reported to his local medical officer with unexplained loss of weight (30 kg) and fatigue. In the intervening years prior to cardiac surgery, he also reported intermittent drenching night sweats; however, C. burnetii serology was not performed nor did he receive any antibiotic treatment other than flucloxacillin for his leg ulcer.Physical examination was remarkable for marfanoid features and chronic venous insufficiency of his left leg without active infection. An orthopantomogram excluded an odontogenic source of infection. Blood cultures performed intraand post-operatively revealed Staphylococcus hominis in 1 of 12 bottles; this was judged to represent contamination, and other culture bottles remained negative with extended incubation to 21 days. There were polymorphonuclear leukocytes on aortic and mitral valve tissue, b...

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“…Human infection is caused by transmission from infected animals, in particular small ruminants. Animals shed C. burnetii in milk, urine, faeces and especially in birth products [2]. Infection is asymptomatic in almost 60 % of cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An estimated 1 % of infected individuals develop chronic Q fever months to years later with endocarditis as the most frequent presentation. In particular, pregnant women, patients with immune deficiencies or patients with cardiac or vascular grafts are at risk for developing chronic Q fever [2]. In The Netherlands, acute Q fever in humans is a notifiable disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic therapy for acute Q fever in The Netherlands in 2007 and 2008 and its relation to hospitalization

et al. 2010

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Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. SUMMARYData about the effectiveness of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of acute Q fever from clinical studies is scarce. We analysed the antibiotic treatment regimens of acute Q fever patients in 2007 and 2008 in The Netherlands and assessed whether hospitalization after a minimum of 2 days antibiotic therapy was related to the initial antibiotic therapy. Clinical data on antibiotic treatment and risk factors of acute Q fever patients were obtained from general practitioner medical records and self-reported by patients. For the 438 study patients, doxycycline was the most commonly prescribed initial antibiotic in both study years. After adjustments for confounding factors, doxycycline (200 mg/day), moxifloxacin, as well as other possibly effective antibiotics [including other new fluoroquinolones and doxycycline (100 mg/day)] showed significant lower risks for hospitalization compared to b-lactam antibiotics and azithromycin (reference group), with the lowest risk for doxycycline (200 mg/day) (odds ratio 0 . 04, 95 % confidence interval 0 . 01-0 . 22). These data support current guidelines that recommend doxycycline as the first choice antibiotic for treating acute Q fever.

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Q fever

Cited by 416 publications

References 114 publications

Seroprevalence of Q fever in farm animals in Saudi Arabia

Seroprevalence of Q fever in farm animals in Saudi Arabia

Coxiella burnetii endocarditis after Q fever vaccination

Antibiotic therapy for acute Q fever in The Netherlands in 2007 and 2008 and its relation to hospitalization

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