“…To this aim, the design base shear force applied to the SCBF, is obtained from the design pseudoacceleration at the "Severe Damage" limit (SDL) state at the SCBF fundamental period of vibration (T1,SCBFs). Then, the design spectral ordinate is reduced by means of a q-factor equal to 4, which has been recently demonstrated to be an appropriate assumption [15]. Therefore, the design base shear force is calculated as follows:…”
Several reinforced concrete (RC) structures built in Europe in the first decades after WWII do not meet the current safety standards, as those older buildings were built without any regard to the seismic actions and the structural details for ductility. Moreover, to reduce land use and environmental impact due to the construction of new buildings, governments are encouraging the upgrading and the reuse of older ones, rather than their demolition. Consequently, nowadays seismic retrofitting of existing structures is a very frequent request that civil engineers must handle. In general, such a challenge could be addressed combining member-and structure-level techniques. In principle, global (or structure-level) techniques may represent a feasible retrofit solution not only for structures characterized by low lateral stiffness, but also for buildings exhibiting a significant number of under-designed members with respect to the design seismic action suggested by modern Codes. Furthermore, these techniques could represent a more cost-effective strategy rather than the upgrading of existing members, especially when the potential disruption of occupancy and the replacement of non-structural elements are considered in the design process. More specifically, this paper aims to show how existing RC buildings can be seismically upgraded through retrofitting by adding external steel bracing systems referred to as "exoskeletons" as they are placed along the outer surface of the building. Although such a technique has a significant impact on the structural dissipation capacity and allows avoiding soft-storey mechanisms, its effectiveness is generally affected by the detailing of the braces and connections against buckling and post-buckling fracture. Consequently, an accurate model of the nonlinear response of the exoskeleton is as essential as representing the existing RC structure response in case of rare or very demanding earthquakes. In this context, this paper describes the modelling and analysis of an existing RC frame structure for which an exoskeleton was designed according to the current Italian code.
“…To this aim, the design base shear force applied to the SCBF, is obtained from the design pseudoacceleration at the "Severe Damage" limit (SDL) state at the SCBF fundamental period of vibration (T1,SCBFs). Then, the design spectral ordinate is reduced by means of a q-factor equal to 4, which has been recently demonstrated to be an appropriate assumption [15]. Therefore, the design base shear force is calculated as follows:…”
Several reinforced concrete (RC) structures built in Europe in the first decades after WWII do not meet the current safety standards, as those older buildings were built without any regard to the seismic actions and the structural details for ductility. Moreover, to reduce land use and environmental impact due to the construction of new buildings, governments are encouraging the upgrading and the reuse of older ones, rather than their demolition. Consequently, nowadays seismic retrofitting of existing structures is a very frequent request that civil engineers must handle. In general, such a challenge could be addressed combining member-and structure-level techniques. In principle, global (or structure-level) techniques may represent a feasible retrofit solution not only for structures characterized by low lateral stiffness, but also for buildings exhibiting a significant number of under-designed members with respect to the design seismic action suggested by modern Codes. Furthermore, these techniques could represent a more cost-effective strategy rather than the upgrading of existing members, especially when the potential disruption of occupancy and the replacement of non-structural elements are considered in the design process. More specifically, this paper aims to show how existing RC buildings can be seismically upgraded through retrofitting by adding external steel bracing systems referred to as "exoskeletons" as they are placed along the outer surface of the building. Although such a technique has a significant impact on the structural dissipation capacity and allows avoiding soft-storey mechanisms, its effectiveness is generally affected by the detailing of the braces and connections against buckling and post-buckling fracture. Consequently, an accurate model of the nonlinear response of the exoskeleton is as essential as representing the existing RC structure response in case of rare or very demanding earthquakes. In this context, this paper describes the modelling and analysis of an existing RC frame structure for which an exoskeleton was designed according to the current Italian code.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.