The non-perturbation and perturbation structures of the q-deformed probability currents are studied. According to two ways of realizing the q-deformed Heisenberg algebra by the undeformed operators, the perturbation structures of two q-deformed probability currents are explored in detail. Locally the structures of two perturbation q-deformed probability currents are different, one is explicitly potential dependent; the other is not. But their total contributions to the whole space are the same.Recently the q-deformed quantum theory, as a possible modification of the ordinary quantum theory at extremely small space scale, say, much smaller than 10 −18 cm, has obtained attention. In literature different frameworks of q-deformed quantum theories were established . In order to establish a consistent framework in q-deformed quantum theories three delicate points must be considered: the construction of the simultaneous hermitian position and momentum operators; the establishment of the correspondence of the position and momentum operators to the q-deformed annihilation and creation operators; and the reduction of the q-deformed annihilation and creation operators to the undeformed ones. In the framework of the q-deformed Heisenberg algebra developed in Refs. [2, 4] the above three aspects are investigated in detail. This framework is self-consistent. New features, both in the uncertainty relations and dynamics, in this framework are explored. The q-deformed uncertainty relation essentially deviates from the Heisenberg one [14, 15, 17, 21]: Heisenberg's minimal uncertainty relation is undercut. In a special q-deformed squeezed states a new critical phenomenon is explored[17]: at a critical point the variance of one component of a quadrature of light field approaches zero, but the variance of the conjugate component remains finite. Such critical phenomenon is forbidden by Heisenberg's uncertainty relations, but allowed by the q-deformed uncertainty relations. In dynamics the non-perturbation energy spectrum of the q-deformed Schrödinger equation exhibits an exponential structure [3, 4, 16] with new degrees of freedom and new quantum numbers.Using such an exponential structure the spectrum of quark-lepton is explained [16]. In the perturbation aspects the q-deformed dynamics also exhibits a new feature: the perturbation expansion of the q-deformed Hamiltonian possesses complicated structures, which amount to additional momentum-dependent interactions [2,4,14,16,18,19,21]. Furthermore, corresponding to two ways of realizing the q-deformed operators by the undeformed ones there are two q-perturbation momentum-dependent Hamiltonians, one originates from the perturbation expansion of the potential in one configuration space, the other originates from the perturbation expansion of the kinetic energy in the other configuration space.At the level of operators, they are different. But they contribute the same shifts to the undeformed energy spectrum. [18,19,21].In this paper the non-perturbation and perturbation structures of the...