Pyuria and bacteriuria.

Cell and bacterial counts in the urine of normal infants and children.

“…and approximately 15 %1 counts of 106/ml. Similar results have been obtained by Lam et al (1967) and Newman et al (1967).…”

Urinary glucose unreliable as test for urinary tract infection in infancy

“…Our findings confirm previous reports that while there is an undoubted correlation between bacteriuria and leucocyturia, a minority of infected specimens of urine contains normal numbers of white cells (Lam et al, 1967). Newman et al (1967) also found that suprapubic aspiration of the bladder markedly reduced the number of leucocytes present in the urine as compared with 'clean-bag specimens'.…”

“…It has become clear that collection of urine from babies for quantitative bacterial culture is a matter of some difficulty. The most widely used technique employing adhesive plastic bags is reported to yield grossly contaminated specimens in a high proportion of cases (Houston, 1963;Lam et al, 1967;Newman, O'Neill, and Parker, 1967). 'Clean voided' urine specimens are better, but a catheter specimen or urine collected by suprapubic aspiration is best of all (Pryles, Luders, and Alkan, 1961;Virtanen, Oksanen, and Peltonen, 1962).…”

Covert bacteriuria of childhood: A clinical and epidemiological study

“…Since pyuria is not consistently present, an awareness of the value of microscopy for bacteriuria is important. Microscopical examination of urine for bacteriuria is simple and its use in the diagnosis of urinary infections has been stressed by many authors (Kass, 1956;Pryles and Steg, 1959;Lam et al, 1967). We would endorse the value of this examination of unspun, unstained fresh urine specimens for bacteriuria which in no way replaces, but should always complement, bacteriological examination.…”