Pyrrolidinium containing perovskites with thermal stability and water resistance for photovoltaics

Abstract

A pyrrolidinium based perovskite with both excellent thermal stability and moisture resistance.

An Environmentally Stable Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Containing Py Cation with Low Trap-State Density

“…To investigate the crystal structure of the film, we conducted powder XRD measurements. The results are shown in Figure 2, and suggest the formation of PyPbI3 in the film [9]. The relatively low intensity of the first peak could be attributed to the texture in the powder film.…”

“…In addition, the PL luminescence of PyPbI3 remained the same after one hour in ambient conditions, which indicated its good moisture stability. The PyPbI3 film was fabricated by employing a simple drop casting method as illustrated in Figure 1 (Details shown in experimental section), following the methods reported in our previous work [9]. The thickness of the formed film was measured as 1500 nm by a profilometer.…”

“…Methylammonium lead iodide, with a chemical formula of MAPbI 3 , has been considered one of the most important OIHP materials [3]. It has been studied and reported that MAPbI 3 has many superior properties including long diffusion length [4,5], tunable bandgap [6,7] and high defect tolerance [8], which results in the rapid development of its power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% to 25.2% [9] within only ten years, making OIHP one of the most promising PV materials.…”

“…We thus reported in our previous work [25] a five-membered ring-based pyrrolidine (Py) molecule could be used to form a new perovskite pyrrolidinium lead iodide (PyPbI 3 ). The PyPbI 3 not only exhibited a lower bandgap (~1.80 eV) than AzPbI 3 , but also showed good water-and high-temperature-resistance [9], providing a possible answer to the long-term PSC instability problem. However, the phase stability of PyPbI 3 , equally important to the moisture and thermal stability, remains unknown.…”

Ethylammonium Lead Iodide Formation in MAPbI3 Precursor Solutions by DMF Decomposition and Organic Cation Exchange Reaction

“…While such record performance seems to be inspiring for renewable energy development, the device lifetime, especially under moisture environment, remains at a low level, which prevents its commercialization. The devices usually degrade within a day unless an extra encapsulation layer is adopted [5][6][7], and even with the encapsulation layer the longest lifetime reported is still less than 4000 hours, which is far from enough for commercialization [8][9][10].…”