Pyrosequencing of the Genital Microbiotas of HIV-Seropositive and -Seronegative Women Reveals
            <i>Lactobacillus iners</i>
            as the Predominant
            <i>Lactobacillus</i>
            Species

Spear, Gregory T.; Gilbert, Douglas; Landay, Alan; Zariffard, Reza; French, Audrey L.; Patel, Pranjal; Gillevet, Patrick M.

doi:10.1128/aem.00973-10

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…13,[20][21][22][23] There were several characteristics of the macaque microbiota that were substantially different from a healthy microbiota in women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, women with a Lactobacillus-dominated genital microbiota typically have > 75% Lactobacillus sequences. [13][14][15][16]22 Second, the macaque genital microbiota was relatively polymicrobial, which is a feature not usually found in healthy microbiota in women, but that is common in BV. [13][14][15][16] Thus, the number of genera found in the macaques ranged from a median of 6 to a median of 17.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in contrast to humans where the most prevalent species are L. iners, L. crispatus, L. jensenii, and L. gasseri. 22,26 It is of interest to compare the vaginal bacterial microbiota of pigtailed macaques with the gut microbiota at the phylum level. While the gut microbiota of pigtailed macaques has not been analyzed with culture-independent techniques, the gut microbiota of rhesus macaques and humans have been determined and are both composed mostly of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes with little representation of Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Assessment of Pigtailed Macaque Lower Genital Tract Microbiota by Pyrosequencing Reveals Dissimilarity to the Genital Microbiota of Healthy Humans

Spear

Kersh

Guenthner

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Vaginal bacterial communities play an important role in human health and have been shown to influence HIV infection. Pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) are used as an animal model of HIV vaginal infection of women. Since the bacterial microbiota could influence retrovirus infection of pigtailed macaques, the genital microbiota in 10 cycling macaques was determined by pyrosequencing. The microbiota of all macaques was polymicrobial with a median of 13 distinct genera. Strikingly, the genera Sneathia and Fusobacterium, both in the phylum Fusobacteria, accounted for 18.9% and 13.3% of sequences while the next most frequent were Prevotella (5.6%), Porphyromonas (4.1%), Atopobium (3.6%), and Parvimonas (2.6%). Sequences corresponding to Lactobacillus comprised only 2.2% of sequences on average and were essentially all L. amylovorus. Longitudinal sampling of the 10 macaques over an 8-week period, which spanned at least one full ovulatory cycle, showed a generally stable presence of the major types of bacteria with some exceptions. These studies show that the microbiota of the pigtailed macaques is substantially dissimilar to that found in most healthy humans, where the genital microbiota is usually dominated by Lactobacillus sp. The polymicrobial makeup of the macaque bacterial populations, the paucity of lactobacilli, and the specific types of bacteria present suggest that the pigtailed macaque microbiota could influence vaginal retrovirus infection.

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“…13,[20][21][22][23] There were several characteristics of the macaque microbiota that were substantially different from a healthy microbiota in women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Longitudinal Assessment of Pigtailed Macaque Lower Genital Tract Microbiota by Pyrosequencing Reveals Dissimilarity to the Genital Microbiota of Healthy Humans

Spear

Kersh

Guenthner

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…[11][12][13] This could help explain why vaginosis is linked to increased risk of femaleto-male transmission, although in the Cohen study, increased genital virus may have only partially explained the increased transmission. The mechanism of resistance to HIV due to Lactobacillus Studies by us and others [14][15][16] that have used molecular methods to define the genital microbiota show that when Lactobacillus becomes the dominant type of bacterium in the genital tract, it tends to make up >80-90% of all the microbiota, and conversely, when it is less than this amount, it generally is in the range of 0-20% of the microbiota (Fig. 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Barrier to HIV Transmission Provided by Genital Tract Lactobacillus Colonization

Mirmonsef

Spear

2014

American J Rep Immunol

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“…Bacterial vaginosis is a polymicrobial clinical syndrome resulting from replacement of the normal hydrogen peroxide producing Lactobacillus spp in the vagina with high concentration of anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Prevotella sp, Mobiluncus sp, G. vaginalis, Ureaplasma, and Mycoplasma) [10].…”

Section: Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Vaginosis and Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Relationship and Management

Bertini¹

2017

Fundamentals of Sexually Transmitted Infections

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In the last few decades, bacterial vaginosis (BV) has become an emerging pathology; its relationship with pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, preterm delivery, and neonatal small for gestational age are well established. BV substantially changes vaginal microbiome and these modifications could facilitate sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Several studies have reported an association between abnormal vaginal microbiota, in particular, BV and depletion of lactobacilli species, and increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) acquisition. Immunologic, enzymatic, and metabolic mechanisms could operate independently or in combination to enhance STIs' transmission. Several studies have pointed out this association: vaginal microbiome modifications in BV could predispose to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Considering the high social impact of BV together with its relationship with STDs, it seems to be "crucial" to restore vaginal microbiome in childbearing age women in order to reduce STIs acquisition. Some experimental clinical data seem to confirm this observation: vaginal microbiome restoration by probiotics/synbiotics seems to improve not only STIs' acquisition but also STDs' pathology progression. Restoring vaginal microbiome could represent an international, innovative, and less-expensive gold standard to counteract STDs' spread and acquisition.

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Pyrosequencing of the Genital Microbiotas of HIV-Seropositive and -Seronegative Women Reveals Lactobacillus iners as the Predominant Lactobacillus Species

Cited by 42 publications

References 33 publications

Longitudinal Assessment of Pigtailed Macaque Lower Genital Tract Microbiota by Pyrosequencing Reveals Dissimilarity to the Genital Microbiota of Healthy Humans

Longitudinal Assessment of Pigtailed Macaque Lower Genital Tract Microbiota by Pyrosequencing Reveals Dissimilarity to the Genital Microbiota of Healthy Humans

The Barrier to HIV Transmission Provided by Genital Tract Lactobacillus Colonization

Bacterial Vaginosis and Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Relationship and Management

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