Pyrosequencing Analysis Reveals Changes in Intestinal Microbiota of Healthy Adults Who Received a Daily Dose of Immunomodulatory Probiotic Strains

Plaza‐Díaz, Julio; Fernández-Caballero, Jose Ángel; Chueca, Natalia; García, Féderico; Gómez-Llorente, Carolina; Sáez-Lara, María José; Fontana, Luis; Gil, Ángel

doi:10.3390/nu7063999

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The present study also revealed that the number of microbiota species, observed as a measure of the alpha-diversity index, was significantly higher in the L. casei strain Shirota group than in the placebo group before the examination, which was similar between the two groups before the intervention. A recent report demonstrated that probiotic treatment increases the Shannon index in healthy subjects (40). Additional analysis in the present study demonstrated that the consumption of L. casei strain Shirota suppressed not only the onset of abdominal dysfunction but also the decrease in Shannon index under academic examination stress compared with consumption of a placebo; however, these effects were observed in the 23 subjects who were symptom free during the preintervention period but not in the 24 subjects who already complained of abdominal symptoms at that time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermented Milk Containing Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota Preserves the Diversity of the Gut Microbiota and Relieves Abdominal Dysfunction in Healthy Medical Students Exposed to Academic Stress

Kato-Kataoka

Nishida

Takada

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

213

174

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Stress-induced abdominal dysfunction is an attractive target for probiotics. To investigate the effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on abdominal dysfunction, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with healthy medical students undertaking an authorized nationwide examination for academic advancement. For 8 weeks, until the day before the examination, 23 and 24 subjects consumed an L. casei strain Shirota-fermented milk and a placebo milk daily, respectively. In addition to assessments of abdominal symptoms, psychophysical state, and salivary stress markers, gene expression changes in peripheral blood leukocytes and composition of the gut microbiota were analyzed using DNA microarray analysis and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence analysis, respectively, before and after the intervention. Stress-induced increases in a visual analog scale measuring feelings of stress, the total score of abdominal dysfunction, and the number of genes with changes in expression of more than 2-fold in leukocytes were significantly suppressed in the L. casei strain Shirota group compared with those in the placebo group. A significant increase in salivary cortisol levels before the examination was observed only in the placebo group. The administration of L. casei strain Shirota, but not placebo, significantly reduced gastrointestinal symptoms. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing demonstrated that the L. casei strain Shirota group had significantly higher numbers of species, a marker of the alpha-diversity index, in their gut microbiota and a significantly lower percentage of Bacteroidaceae than the placebo group. Our findings indicate that the daily consumption of probiotics, such as L. casei strain Shirota, preserves the diversity of the gut microbiota and may relieve stress-associated responses of abdominal dysfunction in healthy subjects exposed to stressful situations. IMPORTANCEA novel clinical trial was conducted with healthy medical students under examination stress conditions. It was demonstrated that the daily consumption of lactic acid bacteria provided health benefits to prevent the onset of stress-associated abdominal symptoms and a good change of gut microbiota in healthy medical students. The gut microbiota, a large, diverse, and dynamic ecosystem that generates cross talk between the gut and host, can communicate with the host by modulating the gut-brain axis, which is a bidirectional neurohumoral communication system between the gut and brain. That is, signals from the brain modify the motor, sensory, and secretory modalities of the gastrointestinal tract; in turn, signals from the gut can affect emotional behavior and stress and pain modulation systems through neural, endocrine, and immune pathways (1-3). Thus, the gut-brain axis has now been expanded to the microbiota-gut-brain axis (3).It is particularly interesting to consider the possibility that probiotics (4), which are live microorganisms, can affect emotion in health and disease by modulating the microbiota-g...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermented Milk Containing Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota Preserves the Diversity of the Gut Microbiota and Relieves Abdominal Dysfunction in Healthy Medical Students Exposed to Academic Stress

Kato-Kataoka

Nishida

Takada

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

213

174

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“…In contrast to these observations, other studies have shown that probiotics can cause a shift in specific bacterial populations, with or without associated microbiota metabolic changes. For instance, using high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, Plaza-Díaz et al [74] showed that ingestion of L. rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei or Bifidobacterium breve strains by an adult population induced changes in the fecal bacterial population. Also, Lactobacillus salivarius Ls-33 was able to modify the fecal bacterial populations of obese adolescents, including several Clostridium groups, although the local concentration of SCFAs remained unaffected [75].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Modulation As a Target For Dietary Interventimentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics, gut microbiota, and their influence on host health and disease

Sánchez

Delgado

Blanco-Míguez

et al. 2016

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

804

505

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The gastrointestinal tract of mammals hosts a high and diverse number of different microorganisms, known as intestinal microbiota. Many probiotics were originally isolated from the gastrointestinal tract, and they were defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/WHO as "live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host." Probiotics exert their beneficial effects on the host through four main mechanisms: interference with potential pathogens, improvement of barrier function, immunomodulation and production of neurotransmitters, and their host targets vary from the resident microbiota to cellular components of the gut-brain axis. However, in spite of the wide array of beneficial mechanisms deployed by probiotic bacteria, relatively few effects have been supported by clinical data. In this regard, different probiotic strains have been effective in antibiotic-associated diarrhea or inflammatory bowel disease for instance. The aim of this review was to compile the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics, mainly through their interaction with the intestinal microbiota and with the intestinal mucosa. The specific benefits discussed in this paper include among others those elicited directly through dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota.

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“…Nevertheless, though transient, in vivo human response showed that the effects of L. plantarum can be dramatic in the host to establish immune tolerance by changing the intestinal mucosa gene expression profile, mainly involving a NF-kB-dependent pathway [86]. In addition to changes in host gene transcriptome, fecal pyrosequencing of healthy individuals given probiotics (three probiotic strains: Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036, Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, and Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035) was reported to alter general gut flora abundance under healthy conditions [87]. …”

Section: Symbiotic Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of Dysbiosis in Disease in Human and Animal Models

DeGruttola

Low

Mizoguchi

et al. 2016

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

676

461

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intestinal inflammatory condition that affects over two million people in the United States. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD are still largely unknown, dysregulated host/enteric microbial interactions are requisite for the development of IBD. So far, many researchers have tried to identify a precise relationship between IBD and an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota, termed “dysbiosis”. In spite of the extensive efforts, it is still largely unknown about the interplay among microbes, their hosts, and their environments, and whether dysbiosis is a causal factor or an effect of IBD. Recently, deep-sequencing analyses of the microbiota in IBD patients have been instrumental in characterizing the strong association between dysbiosis and IBD development, although it is still unable to identify specific-associated species level changes in most cases. Based on many recent reports, dysbiosis of the commensal microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including IBD, obesity, and allergic disorders, in both human and animal models. In this review article, we have focused on explaining the multiple types of dysbiosis, as well as dysbiosis-related diseases and potential treatments in order to apply this knowledge to understand a possible cause and potentially find therapeutic strategies for IBD as well as the other dysbiosis-related diseases.

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Pyrosequencing Analysis Reveals Changes in Intestinal Microbiota of Healthy Adults Who Received a Daily Dose of Immunomodulatory Probiotic Strains

Cited by 51 publications

References 29 publications

Fermented Milk Containing Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota Preserves the Diversity of the Gut Microbiota and Relieves Abdominal Dysfunction in Healthy Medical Students Exposed to Academic Stress

Fermented Milk Containing Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota Preserves the Diversity of the Gut Microbiota and Relieves Abdominal Dysfunction in Healthy Medical Students Exposed to Academic Stress

Probiotics, gut microbiota, and their influence on host health and disease

Current Understanding of Dysbiosis in Disease in Human and Animal Models

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