Pyrometry-based closed-loop control of the melt pool temperature in Laser Metal Deposition with coaxial wire feeding

Bernauer, Christian; Zapata, Avelino; Kick, Laura; Weiss, Tony; Sigl, Martina E.; Zaeh, Michael F.

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2022.08.025

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The degree of dilution is observed to have a positive correlation with laser power, melt pool temperature, and TS while having a negative correlation with WFS [39,58,109,110,126,135].…”

Section: Dilutionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Alternatively, both pyrometers and IR cameras can be integrated into the processing head, allowing for unrestricted movement and directional independent data acquisition [85]. However, using these sensors for applications with high emissivity poses challenges to data collection [83,135,206].…”

Section: Monitoring and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is commonly used in W-LDED to maintain process stability. Various controllers such as PI (Proportional-Integral), PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), MPC (Model Predictive Control), and ILC (Iterative Learning Control) have been utilized in research to implement closed-loop control strategies in W-LDED processes [128,135,174,213,222,223].…”

Section: Monitoring and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was observed that melt pool temperature directly correlates with the bead's width and dilution. Consequently, melt pool temperature was monitored as an input parameter to a pyrometry-based closed-loop control system, and it was controlled through laser power modification [128,135]. Beranuer et al utilized an in-axis pyrometer paired with a PI controller to ensure the melt pool temperature remains within a desired range.…”

Section: Monitoring and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Review on Wire-Laser Directed Energy Deposition: Parameter Control, Process Stability, and Future Research Paths

Ghanadi,

Pasebani

2024

JMMP

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Wire-laser directed energy deposition has emerged as a transformative technology in metal additive manufacturing, offering high material deposition efficiency and promoting a cleaner process environment compared to powder processes. This technique has gained attention across diverse industries due to its ability to expedite production and facilitate the repair or replication of valuable components. This work reviews the state-of-the-art in wire-laser directed energy deposition to gain a clear understanding of key process variables and identify challenges affecting process stability. Furthermore, this paper explores modeling and monitoring methods utilized in the literature to enhance the final quality of fabricated parts, thereby minimizing the need for repeated experiments, and reducing material waste. By reviewing existing literature, this paper contributes to advancing the current understanding of wire-laser directed energy deposition technology. It highlights the gaps in the literature while underscoring research needs in wire-laser directed energy deposition.

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“…The degree of dilution is observed to have a positive correlation with laser power, melt pool temperature, and TS while having a negative correlation with WFS [39,58,109,110,126,135].…”

Section: Dilutionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Monitoring and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Review on Wire-Laser Directed Energy Deposition: Parameter Control, Process Stability, and Future Research Paths

Ghanadi,

Pasebani

2024

JMMP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Temperature-Controlled Laser Processing of Shape Memory Wires: Spherical Ends as Connectors for System Integration

Schuleit,

Kutlu,

Maaß

et al. 2024

Shap. Mem. Superelasticity

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Nickel–Titanium-based shape memory alloys have reached a high technological relevance in the medical field and also for actuation/energy conversion. At present, the interest in new actuation solutions is steadily increasing. However, one important challenge for the design of new actuators is the lack of connection and coupling options, which often hinders a reliable system integration. To address this challenge, this study presents a temperature-controlled laser processing approach for the generation of spherical ends on shape memory wires, which allow a relatively simple integration into different types of systems (e.g., printed circuit boards) in a form-fitting manner. For this purpose, an experimental setup with an integrated pyrometer was used to establish spherical ends on thin NiTi wires with a diameter of 0.24 mm. The resulting microstructures and the functional properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, uniaxial tensile testing, actuation fatigue testing, and hardness measurements. The results obtained in the present study indicate that our laser procedure successfully yields reliable connection options for NiTi wires, without harming the functional performance of the material.

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Effects of the thermal history on the microstructural and the mechanical properties of stainless steel 316L parts produced by wire-based laser metal deposition

Bernauer,

Sigl,

Grabmann

et al. 2024

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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Pyrometry-based closed-loop control of the melt pool temperature in Laser Metal Deposition with coaxial wire feeding

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

A Review on Wire-Laser Directed Energy Deposition: Parameter Control, Process Stability, and Future Research Paths

A Review on Wire-Laser Directed Energy Deposition: Parameter Control, Process Stability, and Future Research Paths

Temperature-Controlled Laser Processing of Shape Memory Wires: Spherical Ends as Connectors for System Integration

Effects of the thermal history on the microstructural and the mechanical properties of stainless steel 316L parts produced by wire-based laser metal deposition

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