Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Valuable Elements in Ni-Metal Hydride Battery Electrode Materials

Jiang, Yinju; Deng, Yongchun; Bu, Wengang

doi:10.1007/s11663-015-0362-6

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The current state of the art in battery recycling is to utilize high temperature pyrometallurgical processes, using fluxes as REEs oxidants and collectors [24]. The use of different slag-forming agents (e.g., CaO-CaF 2 , CaF 2 , CaO-SiO 2 , SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , FeO-B 2 O 3 ) has been investigated [21,24,26]. In high temperature fluxing processes, almost all REEs distribute to the oxide phase whereas Ni and Co deport to the metal phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Copper Smelting

et al. 2019

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The use of rare earth elements (REEs) is increasing, mainly due to the growing demand for electric vehicles and new applications in green technology. This results in annual growth of the in-use REE stocks and the amount of End-of-Life (EoL) products containing REEs. REEs are considered critical elements by the EU, mainly because the rest of the world is dependent on China’s supply. Recycling of REEs can help alleviate the criticality of REEs, however, no REEs are currently functionally recycled. In this study, the time-dependent behavior of REEs in copper matte-slag system in primary copper smelting conditions was investigated experimentally at a laboratory scale. Lanthanum and neodymium were chosen to represent all REEs, as they are generally found in the highest concentrations in EoL products, and because REEs all have similar chemical behavior. The experiments were conducted as a function of time in air and argon atmospheres. SEM-EDS, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS methods were used for sample characterization. The results of this work indicate that the REEs strongly favor the slag and the deportment to the slag begins almost instantly when the system reaches high temperatures. With increasing contact times, the REEs distribute even more strongly into the slag phase, where they may be recovered and recycled, if their concentrations are sufficiently high and a suitable hydrometallurgical process can be found.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In high temperature fluxing processes, almost all REEs distribute to the oxide phase whereas Ni and Co deport to the metal phase. REOs can be further separated from the slag by applying hydrometallurgical techniques [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Copper Smelting

et al. 2019

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“…In a NdFeB permanent magnet, Co and Al are added to replace Fe to optimize the magnetic performance and corrosion behavior [18,19]. After gas-selective reduction-oxidation, the active elements Mn, Al, B in the hydrogen-storage alloy and in the NdFeB waste are easily oxidized to MnO, Al 2 O 3 and B 2 O 3 [11]. They can remain in the rare-earth-oxide slag and may affect the viscosity and break temperature of the La 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -FeO based slag significantly.…”

Section: Effect Of Single Minor Component On the Based Slag System VImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many types of flux have been used to recycle rareearth oxides, such as CaO-CaF 2 [7], CaO-SiO 2 -CaF 2 [8], CaO-SiO 2 [9], Al 2 O 3 -CaO-MgO-SiO 2 -(P 2 O 5 ) [10] and SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 [11]. However, melting-separation characteristics for slags that are formed by most of the fluxes examined were not good.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purity and added value of the alloy have also been poorly considered. The authors [11] used gas-selective reduction-oxidation to produce highadded-value alloy from the Ni-metal-hydride battery electrode waste and subsequently accomplished excellent slag-metal separation by SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 flux addition. This method yielded a~50 mass% RexOy-containing slag, which contributed to a saving in hydrochloric-acid consumption in the acid-leaching process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of the Viscosity of a La₂O₃-SiO₂-FeO Slag System

Xin

Deng

Jiang

et al. 2019

High Temperature Materials and Processes

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The viscosity and break temperature of La2O3–SiO2-FeO slag was investigated to develop low-Al2O3 or Al2O3-free slag for the effective recovery of rare-earth metals. When La2O3 content is fixed (45, 50 and 55 mass%), the viscosity and break temperature of La2O3–SiO2-FeO slag decrease with an increase in FeO content and a decrease in SiO2 content. A higher La2O3 content in the La2O3-SiO2-FeO ternary slag yields a lower slag viscosity but a higher break temperature. Individual minor components of Al2O3, MnO and B2O3 does not affect, or decreases slightly the viscosity of La2O3–SiO2-FeO slag, whereas the slag break temperature is reduced so that the reduction ability order is ranked as B2O3 > Al2O3 > MnO. A small amount of two components Al2O3 + MnO and Al2O3 + B2O3 has little effect on the viscosity of the slag but it has an additive effect on the slag break-temperature reduction.

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