Pyromellitic dianhydride crosslinked cyclodextrin nanosponges for curcumin controlled release; formulation, physicochemical characterization and cytotoxicity investigations

Abstract

Aim: In this study, a nanosponge structure was synthesised with capability of encapsulating curcumin as a model polyphenolic compound and one of the herbal remedies that have widely been considered due to its ability to treat cancer. Methods: FTIR, DSC and XRD techniques were performed to confirm the formation of the inclusion complex of the nanosponge-drug. Results: DSC and XRD patterns showed an increasing stability and a decreasing crystallinity of curcumin after formation of inclusion complex. Encapsulation efficiency was 98% (w/w) and a significant increase was observed in loading capacity (184% w/w). The results of cytotoxicity assessments demonstrated no cell toxicity on the healthy cell line, while being toxic against cancer cells. Haemolysis test was performed to evaluate the blood-compatibility characteristic of nanosponge and complex and the results showed 0.54% haemolysis in the lowest complex concentration (50μgml −1) and 5.09% at the highest concentration (200μgml −1). Conclusions: Thus, the introduced system could be widely considered in cancer treatment as a drug delivery system.

Enhancement of Biological and Pharmacological Properties of an Encapsulated Polyphenol: Curcumin

“…The NS based formulation exhibited greater cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells while exhibiting sustained release and increased solubilization of CUR, with cells incubated in blank culture medium used as a control for cell viability assessments [ 126 , 127 ]. Similar outcomes were observed when CUR was encapsulated in a nano-sponge technology and their toxicity assessed in a MCF-7 cell line [ 128 ].…”

Molecular Encapsulation of Frankincense Oil (Boswellia serrata) in β-Cyclodextrin as a Preliminary of the Stability Study

“…Nonetheless, current studies can prove the existence of ICs marked by shifts in IR. Like the shifts that occur in carbonyl groups (carbonyl stretching bands), which initially were at 1650 cm -1 and 1700 cm -1 shifted around 40 cm -1 to higher wavelengths in the ICs [18]. This result is probably due to the intermolecular hydrogen bond in the disturbed guest molecule and causes the dispersion of each molecule in the host molecule.…”

“…This trend confirms that there is a new interaction. The hydrogen bond between β-CD molecules and water are replaced by the Van der Waals interaction between FO and β-CD [18].…”

Curcumin Encapsulated in Crosslinked Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles Enables Immediate Inhibition of Cell Growth and Efficient Killing of Cancer Cells

“…For instance, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) showed higher resistance to curcumin delivered in a cyclodextrin/liposomal formulation than KHOS cells (osteosarcoma, bone cancer cells) [50]. Similarly, fibroblast L929 cells were less affected than breast cancer MCF-7 cells [41], and curcumin delivered as nano-emulsion was much less toxic to non-cancerous human HEK-293T cells than to gastric (AGS), colon (HT29-ATCC, HT29-US), breast (MDA MB-231) and melanoma (B16F10) cells [59]. It also was less toxic towards WI38 lung normal fibroblast cells than towards A549 lung cancer cells when simply absorbed in α-CD [84].…”

“…However, the toxicity of these solvents and the instability of unprotected curcumin has prompted the exploration of nano-carrier formulations, especially for anti-cancer applications. Delivery approaches for CC using liposomes, polymers, micelles, dopamine-stabilized fructose as well as the inclusion in cyclodextrins have been reported [37][38][39][40][41][42]. Disregarding the large number of carefully conducted in vitro and in vivo studies documenting health benefits of curcumin, critical comments were raised, warning that curcumin is a "pan-assay interference compound" (PAINS), showing unspecific protein binding leading to false results in drug screening assays [43][44][45].…”