Pyrolytic Decomposition Studies of AA2, A Double-Base Propellent

Kemme, Patricia A.; Day, Jean

doi:10.21236/ada399586

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Substantial thermal breakdown into light gases is expected. Pyrolysis of NC using configuration A results in a pyrogram that is nearly identical to the pyrogram of AA2 shown in Figure 1, including production of furan (31). A pyrogram performed on NC using configuration B shows few identifiable peaks (31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Pyrolysis of NC using configuration A results in a pyrogram that is nearly identical to the pyrogram of AA2 shown in Figure 1, including production of furan (31). A pyrogram performed on NC using configuration B shows few identifiable peaks (31). The lighter MW gases coelute as a large peak that interferes with the mass spectral data of the smaller peaks atop it.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…All VOC and SVOC samples were extracted using EPA Method 5041A (29) Preparation of the samples and the pyrolysis temperature profile have been described in detail elsewhere (31). Approximately 2 mg of a sample was loaded into a quartz tube.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Pyrolysis GC/MS for Predicting Emission Byproducts from the Incineration of Double-Base Propellant

Kemme

Day

Cochran³

2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the pyrolytic byproducts from an Army-unique propellant compound (AA2) that is composed of predominantly nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin. Compounds produced by AA2 pyrolysis were compared to compounds detected in the gaseous effluent from AA2 incineration. The light permanent gases and most of the higher molecular weight byproducts produced by AA2 incineration are replicated by laboratory pyrolysis on AA2. The reverse case also holds whereby 18 out of 24 high molecular weight AA2 pyrolytic byproducts are found in the incinerator emissions. Poor matching, however, was obtained between the two processes for the volatile, water-soluble species. None of these low molecular weight compounds produced under pyrolytic conditions were detected in the AA2 incinerator samples, likely indicating inefficient capture of these compounds from the effluent stream. Separate pyrolytic degradation of the individual components of AA2 provides evidence that nearly all of the incomplete combustion products detected during incineration originate not from the prevalent energetic ingredients but rather from the minor and trace additives in AA2. In addition, pyrolysis successfully identified the AA2 components capable of surviving the incineration process intact. This work illustrates the potential of bench-scale pyrolysis for predicting incineration behavior.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Use of Pyrolysis GC/MS for Predicting Emission Byproducts from the Incineration of Double-Base Propellant

Kemme

Day

Cochran³

2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…A single analysis was immediately performed in the laboratory using SPME/GC [11,17]. The chromatogram of the extracted analytes yielded the quantitative data on several organic GSR compounds including naphthalene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which is often produced by the incomplete combustion of gunpowder [2,[24][25][26] and previously proposed for dating purposes [2,10,11,19]. The peak area of naphthalene was therefore selected as a suitable aging indicator, and a specific value (say q = 28.00 a.u.…”

Section: Organic Gsr Analysis Of the Spent Cartridgementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the time since discharge of spent cartridges: A logical approach for interpreting the evidence

Gallidabino¹,

Weyermann²,

Romolo³

et al. 2013

Science & Justice

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Estimating the time since discharge of a spent cartridge or a firearm can be useful in criminal situations involving firearms. The analysis of volatile gunshot residue remaining after shooting using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography (GC) was proposed to meet this objective. However, current interpretative models suffer from several conceptual drawbacks which render them inadequate to assess the evidential value of a given measurement. This paper aims to fill this gap by proposing a logical approach based on the assessment of likelihood ratios. A probabilistic model was thus developed and applied to a hypothetical scenario where alternative hypotheses about the discharge time of a spent cartridge found on a crime scene were forwarded. In order to estimate the parameters required to implement this solution, a non-linear regression model was proposed and applied to real published data. The proposed approach proved to be a valuable method for interpreting aging-related data.

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“…A high temperature, anaerobic technique could produce similar emission products to qualitatively investigate the probable reaction byproducts. Pyrolysis coupled in-line with a gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC/MS) has been specifically applied to characterize the gaseous decomposition products of several energetic materials, including nitrocellulose, high-explosives RDX, TNT, and PETN, and double-base propellants . Products formed by pyrolysis and identified by GC/MS were found to be highly similar to those compounds identified from the gaseous effluent of a US Army propellant incineration facility, suggesting this methodology can effectively simulate flare ignition conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis/GC/MS as a Method to Rapidly Profile Pyrotechnic Formulations for Objectionable Gaseous Emissions

Dilger

Miklaszewski

Papenmeier

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A method to empirically determine the gaseous emissions produced from a pyrotechnic flare composition through the combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry is described. In this approach, milligram quantities of a model yellow signal flare composition and its individual polymeric constituents were subjected to pyrolysis at conditions that were guided via thermal analysis. Many volatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified as emission products even though thermochemical calculations fail to anticipate such products. Thus, these data may complement characterization of emission products predicted in silico. Pyrolysis of this pyrotechnic composition also demonstrated unique products formed via donation of nitrogen to aromatic fragments originating from resinous portions of the formulation. These products included EPA priority pollutants that were not formed by decomposition from staple ingredients. This work demonstrates that a variety of EPA priority pollutants were formed during the simulated combustion of what would otherwise be considered an environmentally friendly pyrotechnic. These pollutants originated from commonly used polymeric ingredients indicating the true environmental impact of many polymer-based energetics may need to be revisited.

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Pyrolytic Decomposition Studies of AA2, A Double-Base Propellent

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Use of Pyrolysis GC/MS for Predicting Emission Byproducts from the Incineration of Double-Base Propellant

Use of Pyrolysis GC/MS for Predicting Emission Byproducts from the Incineration of Double-Base Propellant

Estimating the time since discharge of spent cartridges: A logical approach for interpreting the evidence

Pyrolysis/GC/MS as a Method to Rapidly Profile Pyrotechnic Formulations for Objectionable Gaseous Emissions

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