Pyrolytic and Petrogenic Inputs in Recent Sediments: A Definitive Signature Through Phenanthrene and Chrysene Compound Distribution

Garrigues, P.; Budzinski, Hélène; Manitz, M. P.; Wise, Stephen A.

doi:10.1080/10406639508009630

Cited by 112 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The isomer ratios phenanthrene / anthracene < 10 in most stations and fluoranthene / pyrene >1 in most stations, except stations 9, 11, 12 and 18, indicate that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of pyrolytic (high temperature combustion) origin (GARRIGUES et al, 1995;BENLAHCEN et al, 1997). The most likely source for these pyrolytic PAHs are the grass fires (6 million tons per year come from rice grass) and exhaust gases from cars.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Hydrocarbons in Bivalves from the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast

et al. 2002

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In order to assess contamination of aliphatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, two different species of bivalves (Modiolus auriculatus and Donax sp.) were collected in April 2000 in about twenty locations along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt from El-Mex to Bardaweel (about 500 km). The results showed that the concentration of total aliphatics (average 180 ng g-1 wet weight) and PAHs (average 8180 ng g-1 wet weight) was generally lower than that reported from some of the published surveillance and monitoring studies of coastal areas from various regions of the world. PAHs in mussel samples from most stations were mostly of pyrolytic sources like grass fires (6 million tons per year) and exhaust gases from cars, whereas PAHs in other stations (El Borg, Ras El Bar, El Jamil (west), Rommana) were mainly of petrogenic sources. However, other pollution sources are involved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Hydrocarbons in Bivalves from the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast

et al. 2002

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“…Among other questions to answer, it would be interesting to decipher whether Phe-like fluorescence observed here is related to direct atmospheric input, or rather land drainage origin. The relative abundance of Phe and methylated Phe may be used to distinguish the origin (petrogenic vs. pyrogenic) of these compounds (Prahl and Carpenter, 1983;Garrigues et al, 1995). In general, the predominance of Phe among its methylated homologs reflects a pyrogenic origin (i.e., combustion products routed by atmospheric aerosols for instance).…”

Section: Phenanthrene-like Fluorophore Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Glider-Compatible Optical Sensor for Dissolved Organic Matter Measurements: Test Case from the NW Mediterranean Sea

Cyr

Tedetti

Besson³

et al. 2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The MiniFluo-UV is a new glider-compatible optical sensor for measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters. The working principle, sensor design and challenges faced during the validation phase are reported. The first in situ application of the sensor during three glider deployments in the NW Mediterranean sea (spring, summer, and fall) are also presented. For these campaigns, the two channels of the sensor were adjusted to target Tryptophan-like (excitation/emission wavelengths λ Ex /λ Em : 275/340 nm) and Phenanthrene-like (λ Ex /λ Em : 255/360 nm) fluorescence. These were chosen because they represent fluorophores of interest commonly found in seawater. While Tryptophan (an amino-acid believed to be a by-product of biological activity) is naturally found in the ocean, Phenanthrene (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) is mainly introduced in the environment by human activities. The addition of these variables to more common physical and biogeochemical glider measurements reveals new features of DOM dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea. For example, the temporal and spatial decoupling between Tryptophan-like and Chl-a fluorescence suggests that the former is not only a marker of phytoplankton activity, but could also give more subtle information on the microbial processes occurring. The identification of a Phenanthrene-like layer just below the pycnocline at all seasons also raises questions on the mechanisms driving its presence in the Mediterranean. Knowing that the role of ocean DOM on atmospheric carbon sequestration is becoming clearer, the high spatiotemporal resolution possible with this new sampling strategy may represents a key step toward our deep understanding of DOM dynamics and its role on the biological pump.

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“…The MP/P is another valuable ratio, as discussed earlier, based on un-substituted moieties and alkylated homolog frequencies in the sample. The MP/P fluctuates among values such as 0.5-1 for combustion derived PAHs in the sediments and 2-6 in sediment dominate by fossil fuel direct release (Prahl and Carpenter, 1983;Garrigues et al, 1995;Budzenski et al, 1997). The MP/P ratio around 4.0 is reported to be derived from crankcase oil (Pruel and Quinn, 1988), close to 1.0 for street and urban dust samples (Takada et al, 1990(Takada et al, , 1991 and around 0.5 for atmospheric fallout (Takada et al, 1991).…”

Section: A Brief On Global Historical Records Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower Molecular Weight (LMW) PAHs is categorized by 2-3 benzene rings while 4-7 rings are known as Higher Molecular Weight (HMW). Pyrogenic PAHs (combusted) are characterized by high abundance of HMW compounds (4-6 benzene rings) and un-substituted (parent) compounds, whereas petrogenic PAHs are dominated by alkyl substituted and abundance of LMW (2-3 benzene rings) PAHs (Garrigues et al, 1995;Budzenski et al, 1997). The ratio of LMW over HMW PAHs is often applied for source discrimination of PAHs in environmental studies.…”

Section: A Brief On Global Historical Records Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%