Pyrolysis Yields from Microwave-Assisted Heating of Solid Wastes

Serio, Michael A.; Cosgrove, Joseph E.; Wójtowicz, Marek A.; Wignarajah, Kanapathipillai; Fisher, John W.

doi:10.2514/6.2012-3566

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…HHVs are presented as mean and standard error (at 95% confidence interval). Sulfur content was not measured but was assumed based on published values. ,, Elemental analysis was not performed on binders or the raw fecal feedstocks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… a %S in human feces char estimated from content of sulfur in human feces and adjusting for decrease in sulfur content with pyrolysis b %S in synthetic feces char estimated from content of sulfur in synthetic feces and adjusting for decrease in sulfur content with pyrolysis c HHV of starch binders is referenced from literature …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… b %S in synthetic feces char estimated from content of sulfur in synthetic feces and adjusting for decrease in sulfur content with pyrolysis …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfur content was not measured but was assumed based on published values. 13,25,26 Elemental analysis was not performed on binders or the raw fecal feedstocks.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sulfur content of the chars was estimated using measured sulfur contents of raw human and synthetic feces from the literature. Reported sulfur percent values by dry weight were 0.06% for synthetic feces and 0.5% for real human feces . No published values were found for pyrolized human feces; however, a study by Cantrell et al found that the initial percent sulfur of raw swine manure was decreased by about 15% after pyrolysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Solid Fuel Char Briquettes from Human Waste

Ward

Yacob

Montoya

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The developing world faces dual crises of escalating energy demand and lack of urban sanitation infrastructure that pose significant burdens on the environment. This article presents results of a study evaluating the feasibility of using human feces-derived char as a solid fuel for heating and cooking and a potential way to address both crises. The study determined the energy content and the elemental composition of chars pyrolyzed at 300, 450, and 750 °C. Fecal chars made at 300 °C were found to be similar in energy content to wood chars and bituminous coal, having a heating value of 25.6 ± 0.08 MJ/kg, while fecal chars made at 750 °C had an energy content of 13.8 ± 0.48 MJ/kg. The higher heating values of the studied chars were evaluated using their elemental composition and a published predictive model; results found good agreement between the measured and predicted values. Fecal chars made at low temperatures were briquetted with molasses/lime and starch binders. Briquettes made with 10% starch had an average impact resistance index of 79 and a higher heating value of 25 MJ/kg. These values are comparable to those of commercial charcoal briquettes, making fecal char briquettes a potential substitute that also contributes to the preservation of the environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… b %S in synthetic feces char estimated from content of sulfur in synthetic feces and adjusting for decrease in sulfur content with pyrolysis …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfur content was not measured but was assumed based on published values. 13,25,26 Elemental analysis was not performed on binders or the raw fecal feedstocks.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Solid Fuel Char Briquettes from Human Waste

Ward

Yacob

Montoya

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Recycling oxygen from spaceflight solid waste for life support system: Potential of pyrolysis process

Shi

Zhang

2018

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Review of synthetic human faeces and faecal sludge for sanitation and wastewater research

et al. 2018

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Investigations involving human faeces and faecal sludge are of great importance for urban sanitation, such as operation and maintenance of sewer systems, or implementation of faecal sludge management. However, working with real faecal matter is difficult as it not only involves working with a pathogenic, malodorous material but also individual faeces and faecal sludge samples are highly variable, making it difficult to execute repeatable experiments. Synthetic faeces and faecal sludge can provide consistently reproducible substrate and alleviate these challenges. A critical literature review of simulants developed for various wastewater and faecal sludge related research is provided. Most individual studies sought to develop a simulant representative of specific physical, chemical, or thermal properties depending on their research objectives. Based on the review, a suitable simulant can be chosen and used or further developed according to the research needs. As an example, the authors present such a modification for the development of a simulant that can be used for investigating the motion (movement, settling and sedimentation) of faeces and their physical and biological disintegration in sewers and in on-site sanitation systems.

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Pyrolysis Yields from Microwave-Assisted Heating of Solid Wastes

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluation of Solid Fuel Char Briquettes from Human Waste

Evaluation of Solid Fuel Char Briquettes from Human Waste

Recycling oxygen from spaceflight solid waste for life support system: Potential of pyrolysis process

Review of synthetic human faeces and faecal sludge for sanitation and wastewater research

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