Pyrolysis of wood and PVC mixtures: thermal behaviour and kinetic modelling

Ephraim, Augustina; Pozzobon, Victor; Lebonnois, Damien; Peregrina, Carlos; Sharrock, Patrick; Nzihou, Ange; Minh, Doan Pham

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-00952-2

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The use of pellet feedstock can greatly alleviate the high transportation cost of biomass due to its small bulk density; meanwhile, molten salt can effectively solve the deposition and melting of ash in raw materials during traditional hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification. Molten NaOH–Na 2 CO 3 is also well suited for the treatment of some special organic solid wastes with high Cl/S content, such as PVC, waste tires, and waste plastics, , due to the excellent trapping performance of Cl/S containing gases. The reacted molten salt could be easily regenerated by cheap and readily available calcium hydroxide (e.g., industrial waste carbide slag), avoiding the environmental and economic problems in the industrial process of preparing NaOH by electrolysis of NaCl.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae Pyrolysis in Molten NaOH–Na₂CO₃ for Hydrogen Production

Zeng

Zhong

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Biomass pyrolysis within the alkaline molten salt is attractive due to its ability to achieve high hydrogen yield under relatively mild conditions. However, poor contact between biomass, especially the biomass pellet, and hydroxide during the slow heating process, as well as low reaction temperatures, become key factors limiting the hydrogen production. To address these challenges, fast pyrolysis of the algae pellet in molten NaOH–Na2CO3 was conducted at 550, 650, and 750 °C. Algae were chosen as feedstock for their high photosynthetic efficiency and growth rate, and the concept of coupling molten salt with concentrated solar energy was proposed to address the issue of high energy consumption at high temperatures. At 750 °C, the pollutant gases containing Cl and S were completely removed, and the HCN removal rate reached 44.92%. During the continuous pyrolysis process, after a slight increase, the hydrogen yield remained stable at 71.48 mmol/g-algae and constituted 86.10% of the gas products, and a minimum theoretical hydrogen production efficiency of algae can reach 84.86%. Most importantly, the evolution of physicochemical properties of molten NaOH–Na2CO3 was revealed for the first time. Combined with the conversion characteristics of feedstock and gas products, this study provides practical guidance for large-scale application of molten salt including feedstock, operation parameters, and post-treatment process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae Pyrolysis in Molten NaOH–Na₂CO₃ for Hydrogen Production

Zeng

Zhong

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Producing biochar from agricultural waste is a practical solution for handling these massive amounts of garbage and lowering greenhouse gas emissions from burning. Obtainable by the pyrolysis of diverse biomass and biodegradable waste, biochar is a fine-grained charcoal-like product with a high amount of organic carbon and low degradation susceptibility [11]. Biochar has more significant catalytic activity, surface area, permeability, and physico-chemical stability than other biomass materials, Yaashikaa et al [12].…”

Section: Brief On Pyrolysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bamboo for producing charcoal and biochar for versatile applications

Chaturvedi

Singhwane

Dhangar

et al. 2023

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Bamboo, the fastest-growing plant, has several unique characteristics that make it appropriate for diverse applications. It is low-cost, high-tensile, lightweight, flexible, durable, and capable of proliferating even in ineffectual areas (e.g., incline). This review discusses the unique properties of bamboo for making charcoal and biochar for diverse applications. To produce bamboo charcoal and biochar, this study reports on the pyrolysis process for the thermal degradation of organic materials in an oxygen-depleted atmosphere under a specific temperature. This is an alternative method for turning waste biomass into products with additional value, such as biochar. Due to various advantages, bamboo charcoal is preferred over regular charcoal as it has four times the absorption rate and ten times more surface area reported. According to the reports, the charcoal yield ranges from 24.60 to 74.27%. Bamboo chopsticks were the most useful source for producing charcoal, with a high yield of 74.27% at 300 °C in nitrogen, but the thorny bamboo species have a tremendous amount of minimal charcoal, i.e., 24.60%. The reported biochar from bamboo yield ranges from 32 to 80%. The most extensive biochar production is produced by the bamboo D. giganteus , which yields 80% biochar at 300 °C. Dry bamboo stalks at 400 °C produced 32% biochar. One of the sections highlights biochar as a sustainable solution for plastic trash management produced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Another section is dedicated to the knowledge enhancement about the broad application spectrum of the charcoal and biochar. The last section highlights the conclusions, future perspectives, and recommendations on the charcoal and biochar derived from bamboo. Graphical Abstract

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“…This mass loss is assumed to correspond to the breaking of C-Cl bonds during the first phase. This reaction also results in the creation of various volatile elements; namely anthracene, naphthalene, and benzene, which are polyene chains of toluene [60,61].…”

Section: Second Phase (370-700℃)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second phase, ranging from 420℃ to about 540℃, induces an additional mass loss of nearly 20%, representing 49% of the remaining mass from the previous phase. This complex step results primarily from the degradation of C-Cl and C-C bonds in PVC [60,61], as well as the denaturation of the molecular helix of keratin present in the biomass [63]. The denaturation of the molecular helix of keratin in the biomass refers to a process in which the distinctive helical structure of keratin undergoes modifications, leading to an alteration of its original configuration.…”

Section: Second Degradation Phase (420-540℃)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermogravimetric Analysis of Rigid PVC and Animal-Origin Bio-Composite: Experimental Study and Comparative Analysis

Ennadafy,

Jammoukh,

Hilali

et al. 2024

IJHT

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Polyvinyl chloride remains one of the most prevalent polymers in the industry, yet its substantial environmental impact, attributed to its fossil origin, prompts the exploration of innovative solutions. Composites, particularly bio-composites, emerge as promising alternatives to mitigate the ecological footprint of PVC while enhancing its characteristics. This study addresses this concern by presenting the development of a bio-composite comprising 90% PVC and 10% biological filler derived from bovine horn, renowned for its high keratin content. The primary objective was to create an innovative, environmentally friendly, and sustainable material. To rigorously assess the properties and thermal stability of this bio-composite, a comparative thermogravimetric analysis was conducted against virgin PVC. The results reveal the superior thermal stability of the biocomposite compared to virgin PVC, particularly beyond 280℃. This enhancement is attributed to the substantial presence of keratin in the biological filler, constituting nearly 90% of the horn biomass. Notably, the observed mass loss in the bio-composite is lower than that of virgin PVC at temperatures exceeding 280℃. This research underscores the potential of bio-composites, specifically those incorporating bovine horn-derived filler, as promising alternatives to mitigate the ecological footprint of PVC while concurrently improving its thermomechanical characteristics. The innovative material developed in this study holds promise for sustainable applications in various industries, aligning with the growing demand for environmentally conscious alternatives.

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Pyrolysis of wood and PVC mixtures: thermal behaviour and kinetic modelling

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Algae Pyrolysis in Molten NaOH–Na₂CO₃ for Hydrogen Production

Algae Pyrolysis in Molten NaOH–Na₂CO₃ for Hydrogen Production

Bamboo for producing charcoal and biochar for versatile applications

Thermogravimetric Analysis of Rigid PVC and Animal-Origin Bio-Composite: Experimental Study and Comparative Analysis

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Pyrolysis of wood and PVC mixtures: thermal behaviour and kinetic modelling

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Algae Pyrolysis in Molten NaOH–Na2CO3 for Hydrogen Production

Algae Pyrolysis in Molten NaOH–Na2CO3 for Hydrogen Production

Bamboo for producing charcoal and biochar for versatile applications

Thermogravimetric Analysis of Rigid PVC and Animal-Origin Bio-Composite: Experimental Study and Comparative Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Algae Pyrolysis in Molten NaOH–Na₂CO₃ for Hydrogen Production

Algae Pyrolysis in Molten NaOH–Na₂CO₃ for Hydrogen Production