Pyrolysis of waste activated sludge from food manufacturing industry: Thermal degradation, kinetics and thermodynamics analysis

Mong, Guo Ren; Chong, William Woei Fong; Nor, Siti Aminah Mohd; Ng, Jo-Han; Chong, Cheng Tung; Idris, Rubia; Too, Jingwei; Chiong, Meng Choung; Abas, Mohd Azman

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.121264

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This resulted in the gradual weakening of the O–H stretching vibration strength with increasing pyrolysis temperature . The peaks at 2923 and 1434 cm –1 depicted the aliphatic C–H stretching, indicating the emergence of aliphatic structures in oily sludge. , The peaks at 1605 cm –1 presented the aromatic CC stretching vibrations . Since the aromatization reaction that increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature occurred during pyrolysis treatment, the stretching vibration strength of CC in chars steadily enhanced at the cost of the decrease in the stretching vibration strength of C–H with increasing pyrolysis temperature .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peaks at roughly 1874 cm −1 denoted the C�O stretching (acids, aldehydes, ketones). 38 The greater the pyrolysis temperature, the more thoroughly the organic matter was decomposed, leading to a decrease in the stretching vibration strength of C�O. The stretching vibration strength of Si-O-Si resulted in a peak at 470 cm -1 .…”

Section: Ftir Spectra Of Charsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavior Study of Migration and Transformation of Heavy Metals during Oily Sludge Pyrolysis

Quan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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This paper studied the migration, transformation, leaching toxicity, and risk assessment of heavy metals when oily sludge was pyrolyzed at multiple pyrolysis temperatures and residence times. Results indicated that heavy metals were enriched in char, while less than 3% of heavy metals were distributed to gas and liquid products. By the modified European Community Bureau of Reference sequential extraction method, it was found that the most immobilized Cr, Ni, and Pb were obtained under conditions of 600 °C for 30 min, 400 °C for 60 min, and 500 °C for 60 min, respectively. However, pyrolysis reduced the percentage of stable fractions in Cu and Zn. Similarly, the leaching concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Pb decreased through pyrolysis, while that of Zn increased. Risk assessment code results suggested that pyrolysis reduced the environmental risk of Pb but increased that of Zn. Meanwhile, the mechanism of heavy metal migration and transformation was explored by characterizing with proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that aromatization and mineral crystals in chars influenced the immobilization of heavy metals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ftir Spectra Of Charsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior Study of Migration and Transformation of Heavy Metals during Oily Sludge Pyrolysis

Quan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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“…Substituting the known functional relationship between Δ C p 35 and T into the above formula, the formula was as follows:

∆_{r} H_{m} (T) = ∆ at + \frac{1}{2} ∆ b T^{2} + \frac{1}{3} ∆ c T^{3} + H_{0} .

Putting the Δ r H θ m value of different reactions at 298.15 K into the above formula can obtain the integral constant H 0 of different reactions. The results are shown in Table 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between the standard molar enthalpy change Δ r H θ m , Gibbs free energy change Δ r G θ m, and the reaction equilibrium constant K and temperature was investigated according to the Benson group contribution method, Kirhhooff's law, and Gibbs-Helmholtz formula. 35 Under normal pressure; methanol/air (v/v): 1.2; reaction air speed: 15 000 h À1 ; and catalyst dosage: 40 mL, the rate and activation energy of one-step methanol production of DMM were determined. In order to eliminate the interference of thermodynamics, we controlled the temperature within the temperature range of 453.15 to 513.15 K, reduced the methanol conversion rate to below 10%, and conducted experiments under different gas flow rates.…”

Section: Thermodynamics Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One‐step synthesis of methylal via methanol oxidation: Reaction kinetics, mechanism, thermodynamics, and product analysis

Yuan

Sun

Tian

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The recent abundance of methanol has made it an attractive raw material for chemical synthesis. This study conducts a thermodynamic analysis of the main and side reactions in a system where methanol is oxidized to methylal. A relationship between the thermodynamics and product distribution of this system is proposed. By studying the effect of reaction temperature on the catalytic activity of a Mo‐Fe/HZSM‐5 (80‐80) catalyst, the relationship between thermodynamic parameters and product distribution was further verified. Kinetic analysis of the one‐step process shows that a lower activation energy is one of the reasons for the higher catalytic activity of the iron‐molybdenum‐based bifunctional catalyst. Accordingly, it is proposed that all main and side reactions in this process are driven by two chemical adsorption reactions. The first occurs at active sites of iron and molybdenum oxidation on the catalyst surface. The adsorbed methanol and O2 obtain hydroxyl and methoxy groups linked to the iron molybdate. Subsequently, desorbed formaldehyde and methanol undergo a second chemical adsorption on the acidic active centres of the catalyst with surface carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, respectively. Formaldehyde and the adsorbed methoxy group are catalysed by the acidic sites to generate intermediates similar to the methoxy and methylene group structures. This study provides complete information on the thermodynamics, kinetics, and reaction mechanism of a one‐step process of producing methylal from methanol, thereby allowing optimization of this process.

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Fundamentals of Industrial Sludge: Trends and Challenges

Eqan,

Wan,

Yan

2024

Recent Trends in Management and Utilization of Industrial Sludge

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Pyrolysis of waste activated sludge from food manufacturing industry: Thermal degradation, kinetics and thermodynamics analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 51 publications

Behavior Study of Migration and Transformation of Heavy Metals during Oily Sludge Pyrolysis

Behavior Study of Migration and Transformation of Heavy Metals during Oily Sludge Pyrolysis

One‐step synthesis of methylal via methanol oxidation: Reaction kinetics, mechanism, thermodynamics, and product analysis

Fundamentals of Industrial Sludge: Trends and Challenges

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