Pyrolysis of Tall Oil-Derived Fatty and Resin Acid Mixtures

Lappi, Hanna; Alén, Raimo

doi:10.5402/2012/409157

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Other peaks included 1718 and 2964 cm −1 which correlated to C=O and C-H, respectively. These functional groups were in agreement with the molecular structure of that abietic acid, as shown in Figure 5, the primary compound found in rosin [29]. The IR spectra of coatings with a different wt.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir)supporting

confidence: 85%

Enhancement of Corrosion Resistance and Microbial Protection Analysis of a Rosin Coating with the Incorporation of Leucaena leucocephala

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leucaena leucocephala leaves extract (LLE) was incorporated as an additive in a new coating formulation. The coatings containing different wt.% of the extracts were analysed by optical characterizations and we proceeded to the antimicrobial assessment. The coating was applied onto the surface of stainless steel grade 316L and immersed in seawater for 50 days. A batch of specimens was collected every 10 days and evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX). The incorporation of 3 wt.% LLE into the coating (P2) matrix remarkably boosted the barrier quality of the coating.

show abstract

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir)supporting

confidence: 85%

Enhancement of Corrosion Resistance and Microbial Protection Analysis of a Rosin Coating with the Incorporation of Leucaena leucocephala

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This can be confirmed by the formation of more aromatics with one and two benzene rings at 450°C of abietic acid pyrolysis compared to the pyrolysis at 370 and 410°C, showing higher fragmentation occurrence at higher temperatures. 17,24 In the temperature ranges of the pyrolysis reaction of abietic acid in this study, the phenanthrene-type products were the major products at 410 and 450°C. In contrast, Severson et al 24 showed the naphthalenetype compounds (aromatics with two benzene rings) as the major compounds in pyrolysate of resin acids in benzene solutions at 800°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Production of Renewable Hydrocarbons from Thermal Conversion of Abietic Acid and Tall Oil Fatty Acids

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the pyrolytic conversion of crude tall oil, a byproduct from the Kraft process in the pulping industry, to hydrocarbon products for use as renewable hydrocarbons and fuels. Abietic acid, the main resin acid in crude tall oil, and tall oil fatty acids, the main distillate fraction of crude tall oil, were pyrolyzed separately using a batch micro reactor at 370, 410, and 450°C for 2 h. The gas and liquid reaction products were identified and quantified using gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector, a thermal conductivity detector, and mass spectrometry. At all temperature regimes, the pyrolysis of abietic acid resulted in the formation of aromatic compounds characterized by up to three benzene rings. While the pyrolysis of tall oil fatty acids at lower temperatures resulted in alkanes and alkenes and negligible amounts of aromatic compounds, higher temperatures promoted the formation of relatively shorter chain alkanes and alkenes and detectable amounts of aromatics. The presence of both CO and CO 2 in the gas fractions suggested that deoxygenation of the initial compounds proceeded through decarbonylation and decarboxylation, but the favored mechanism is dependent upon the structure of the initial substance. This work demonstrates the feasibility of producing renewable hydrocarbons through the pyrolysis of the fatty-acid-rich distillate fraction of crude tall oil.

show abstract

“…Additionally, the heating values of product esters are lower than those of conventional diesel fuels and there are also stability issues with this type of biodiesel. [163][164][165][166] In this process concept, sodium could also be recovered simultaneously in the form of Na 2 CO 3 , thus eliminating, for example, the need to add H 2 SO 4 to liberate chemically bound sodium from the carboxylic acid groups of extractives. 161,162 One possibility is to apply fast pyrolysis to these raw materials directly or after their alkaline hydrolysis for manufacturing liquid fuels (mainly biodiesel).…”

Section: Crude Tall Oil Soapmentioning

confidence: 99%