Pyrolysis of sucrose-derived hydrochar

Hard carbon microspheres with bimodal size distribution and hierarchical porosity via hydrothermal carbonization of trehalose

“…5 † ), which is comparable with reported values. 46 Such values are expected, as the BET surface area is primarily attributable to microporosity. Both carbonizes samples exhibit a type I isotherm shape typical for microporous materials.…”

“…The charge compensation capability of the HIM makes it possible to visualize mesopores in the superstructure of HCMS without conductive coating, which would otherwise be unobservable. As known from studies of sucrose-derived HCMS, 46 pyrolysis leads to the formation of oxygen-rich nanoclusters between 550 °C and 700 °C, which fully decompose up to 850 °C leaving behind equally sized pores. However, for Tre-HCMS, on the surface of the small spheres ( Fig.…”

“…The peak at 22.8° assigned to the (002) plane, however, does not change, indicating purely lateral growth of the graphitic domains, typical for a turbostratic hard carbon structure. 46 The Raman spectra ( Fig. 5C ) show the D band, which is attributed to disorder in the graphitic lattice and at domain boundaries, and the G band, which is attributed to in-plane sp 2 ring stretching vibrations.…”

Nanofibers are a matter of perspective: effects of methodology and subjectivity on diameter measurements

“…In contrast to the SEM, this causes positive surface charging on insulation materials such as pristine, uncoated nanobers, which can be compensated by an electron ood gun without compromising the bers by a sputter coating. 33,34 Here, we acquired HIM images from both pristine and coated nanobers. Although the theoretical resolution of HIM is higher than that of SEM, imaging of freestanding, insulating, and highly ionpenetrable materials is much more challenging and time consuming, which is why the resolution is lower compared to SEM in this case.…”

Comparative Study of Metal Substrates for Improved Carbonization of Electrospun PAN Nanofibers

“…While the G band is related to inplane bond-stretching motion of pairs of sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms the D band stems from defects in the aromatic ring structure of the graphite lattice or domain boundaries of graphite crystallites [25,26]. The ratio ID/IG thus gives the ratio of disordered to ordered graphitic domains, i.e., a measure for crystallinity of the samples, with higher crystallinity being indicated by a lower ratio ID/IG [27]. Interestingly, Figure 5 shows not only increasing crystallinity for increasing carbonization temperature, but also differences between the Besides the morphology, the degrees of carbonization and crystallinity are crucial determinants of the mechanical and electrical properties of the CNF obtained.…”