Pyrolysis of Spirulina maxima: Kinetic modeling and selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbons

Kinetic Parameters Study for the Slow Pyrolysis of Coffee Residues Based on Thermogravimetric Analysis

“…Previous works commented about the possibility of the occurrence of secondary reactions for higher values of conversion and/or the occurrence of more complex reaction mechanisms, which might not be represented by the proposed models. 38 Considering isoconversional models, the limitation of E a estimative regarding high values of conversion is commonly mentioned in literature. 27,[38][39][40][41][42] The fit quality is commonly evaluated by R 2 and values higher than 0.95 were considered for trustful estimation of E a , as commented by previous works.…”

“…38 Considering isoconversional models, the limitation of E a estimative regarding high values of conversion is commonly mentioned in literature. 27,[38][39][40][41][42] The fit quality is commonly evaluated by R 2 and values higher than 0.95 were considered for trustful estimation of E a , as commented by previous works. 17,19 The isoconversional models of KAS and Friedman showed the dependence between E a values and mass conversion, what was also observed previously.…”

“…The nonparallelism can be attributed to the decomposition of the primary reaction products, modifying the reaction mechanism. 38 The consideration of first order kinetic models can lead to erroneous kinetic parameters, particularly leading to an underestimation of the activation energy of lignin pyrolysis. 10…”

“…Considering the observed results, it might be inferred that reaction orders for high conversions, with the presence of primary reactional products, may differ greatly in relation to the unitary value. 38 The curve of the distributed activation energy was calculated but did not present a valid representation for the pyrolysis reaction. The values of the distributive function were negative for conversions above 0.40.…”

“…45 The Miura-Maki method is widely used for the estimation of kinetic parameters for biomass pyrolysis. 19,38,46 The model presents easy calculation but is limited by the consideration of unit-order reactions. For the present work, the values of activation energy were determined, but the function of distributive activation energy could not be obtained.…”