Pyrolysis of rubber seed pericarp biomass treated with sulfuric acid for the adsorption of crystal violet and methylene green dyes: an optimized process

Biomass‐Derived Carbon Materials for the Adsorption of Organic Pollutants

“…[ 124,125 ] Activation followed by carbonization can promote the combustion of tar generated in the carbonization process, thus improving the porosity (total surface area up to 3000 m 2 g −1 ). [ 126 ] Activation can be conducted physically or chemically ( Table 1 ), where oxidative gases (steam or CO 2 ) or inorganic compounds such as acids (HNO 3 , H 3 PO 4 , H 2 SO 4 ), [ 127–133 ] bases (KOH, NaOH, LiOH) [ 129,134–137 ] and salts (K 2 S 2 O 8 , K 2 CO 3 , FeCl 3 , CaCl 2 , ZnCl 2 ) [ 89,127,138–144 ] are often used as activators. The porous active carbon obtained by physical activation usually possesses a medium specific surface area (SSA<1000 m 2 g −1 ) and relatively narrow micropores, while the carbon obtained by chemical activation owns a high porosity (SSA≈3000 m 2 g −1 ).…”

Emerging environmentally friendly bio-based nanocomposites for the efficient removal of dyes and micropollutants from wastewater by adsorption: a comprehensive review

“…Although the long-term consequences of oil spills are unknown, it is nevertheless necessary to clean them up as soon as possible. 5 As a result of the high demand for potable and industrial water, wastewater treatment has become an essential process in recent times. Complexation, 6 precipitation, 7 ion exchange, 8 advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), 9 membrane ltration, 10 reverse osmosis, 11 activated carbon adsorption, 9 ultraviolet (UV) photolysis/photocatalysis, 12 and electrodialysis 13 are all examples of conventional technologies used to treat wastewater.…”

Soybean oil‐based nanocomposites for dye adsorption: AESO‐chitosan‐graphene oxide synergy in water treatment

“…These approaches include processes such as photo-Fenton reactions, coagulation and flocculation, membrane-based filtration, and adsorption techniques. [19][20][21][22] Nonetheless, every method has its unique pros and cons related to effectiveness, feasibility, and expense. Among these methods, adsorption processes have gained significant traction in the realm of wastewater treatment, owing to their effectiveness, simplicity, affordability, and adaptability.…”

“…Over the years, researchers have developed a multitude of techniques for the removal of contaminants like MB from water. These approaches include processes such as photo‐Fenton reactions, coagulation and flocculation, membrane‐based filtration, and adsorption techniques 19–22 . Nonetheless, every method has its unique pros and cons related to effectiveness, feasibility, and expense.…”