Pyrolysis of forest residues: An approach to techno-economics for bio-fuel production

Carrasco, José Luís; Gunukula, Sampath; Boateng, Akwasi A.; Mullen, Charles A.; DeSisto, William J.; Wheeler, M. Clayton

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.12.063

Cited by 108 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Various biomass samples have been tested, among others are forest residue 11 , refinery residue 12 , lignin 10 , cassava 13 , wood and agricultural residues 14 , lignocellulosic 15 , micro algae 16 . In general, the results of previous investigations suggest that pyrolysis of solid raw materials tends to production of lesser amount of liquid fuel compared to that obtained from liquid raw materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Rich Liquid Fuel Produced by Co-pyrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse and Rubber Seed Oil Using Aluminosilicates Derived from Rice Husk Silica and Aluminum Metal as Catalyst

Simanjuntak¹,

Sembiring²,

Pandiangan³

et al. 2017

Orient. J. Chem

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In this investigation, a mixture of sugarcane bagasse and rubber seed oil was subjected to pyrolysis for liquid fuel production, using aluminosilicates with different Si/Al ratios as catalysts prepared from rice husk silica and aluminum metal by electrochemical method. A series of pyrolysis experiments was conducted at the temperature range of 250 to 500 o C, with the main purpose to investigate the effect of the Si/Al ratios of the catalysts on the chemical composition of liquid fuels produced. The liquid fuels produced were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique for component identification. The experimental results show that the most intense production of liquid took place at the temperature range of 350 to 480 o C, while at lower temperatures gaseous product emerged as the main product. Analysis of the product using GC-MS technique revealed the presence of a series of compounds in the liquids, and broadly belongs to hydrocarbon, alcohol, ester, ketone, aldehyde, and acid. The results display significant effect of the catalyst composition on the composition of the liquids. The main trend observed is the tendency of increased the hydrocarbon content with decreased the Si/Al ratio of the catalyst, down to the ratio of 2.3 which produced liquid fuel with the highest hydrocarbon content 86%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Rich Liquid Fuel Produced by Co-pyrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse and Rubber Seed Oil Using Aluminosilicates Derived from Rice Husk Silica and Aluminum Metal as Catalyst

Simanjuntak¹,

Sembiring²,

Pandiangan³

et al. 2017

Orient. J. Chem

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“…One of the limitations of upgrading bio‐oil using HDO is its heavy consumption of external hydrogen in order to produce high quality fuel products, which raises operating costs given the high market price of hydrogen ($1.98 kg −1 ; Energy.gov, ). To address hydrogen supply, Carrasco et al () demonstrate how to maximize the potential of the HDO process with minimal hydrogen consumption. The authors evaluate alternative methods of hydrogen production without using fossil fuels.…”

Section: Review Of Fast Pyrolysis Bio‐oil Upgrading Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HDO has several limitations, particularly its need for large quantities of external hydrogen and biomass supply that can accommodate an economic scale of 2,000 MTPD. Carrasco et al (; TRL 3) proposed in situ hydrogen generation with feedstock residuals, and other studies propose small/distributed scale pyrolysis operation (e.g., 200–500 MTPD) to overcome feedstock supply barriers (Fan et al, ; Fan, Shonnard, Kalnes, Streff, & Hopkins, ; Pourhashem, Spatari, Boateng, McAloon, & Mullen, ; Sorunmu et al, ). While supplying hydrogen from renewable sources as proposed by Carrasco et al () could lower GHG emissions while keeping all other HDO factors constant, it could raise the MFSP, which would affect its commercial attractiveness.…”

Section: Integration Of Technological Economic and Environmental Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of thermochemical upgrading of pyrolysis bio‐oil: Techno‐economic analysis, life cycle assessment, and technology readiness

2019

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Technologies for upgrading fast pyrolysis bio‐oil to drop‐in fuels and coproducts are under development and show promise for decarbonizing energy supply for transportation and chemicals markets. The successful commercialization of these fuels and the technologies deployed to produce them depend on production costs, scalability, and yield. To meet environmental regulations, pyrolysis‐based biofuels need to adhere to life cycle greenhouse gas intensity standards relative to their petroleum‐based counterparts. We review literature on fast pyrolysis bio‐oil upgrading and explore key metrics that influence their commercial viability through life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno‐economic analysis (TEA) methods together with technology readiness level (TRL) evaluation. We investigate the trade‐offs among economic, environmental, and technological metrics derived from these methods for individual technologies as a means of understanding their nearness to commercialization. Although the technologies reviewed have not attained commercial investment, some have been pilot tested. Predicting the projected performance at scale‐up through models can, with industrial experience, guide decision‐making to competitively meet energy policy goals. LCA and TEA methods that ensure consistent and reproducible models at a given TRL are needed to compare alternative technologies. This study highlights the importance of integrated analysis of multiple economic, environmental, and technological metrics for understanding performance prospects and barriers among early stage technologies.

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“…The generic product distribution is as follows: (a) bio‐oil → 61% (wet), (b) char (solid carbon and ash) → 24%, and (c) gases → 15%. A FORTRAN calculator block fixes the detailed product distribution according to Table . The data in Table is derived from lab‐scale results of forest residues pyrolysis .…”

Section: Process Design and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative techno‐economic assessment of three bio‐oil upgrading routes for aviation biofuel production

Michailos

Bridgwater

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The aviation industry continues to grow, and consequently, more fuel is needed. With the intention of decarbonising the aviation sector, sustainable routes that have the potential to mitigate emissions, such as biomass fast pyrolysis, can positively contribute to this direction. Within this context, the present study performs a comparative techno‐economic evaluation of aviation biofuel manufacture via the main bio‐oil upgrading pathways, namely, hydroprocessing (HP), gasification followed by Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (G+FT), and zeolite cracking (ZC). The research constitutes the first endeavour to investigate and compare the feasibility of producing biojet fuel via pyrolysis‐based routes. The presented work provides an inclusive evaluation that comprises process modelling and financial assessment. Based on the simulations, overall energy efficiencies of 48.8%, 45.73%, and 45.38% and jet fuel energy efficiencies of 23.70%, 21.45%, and 20.53% were calculated, while the implementation of a discounted cash flow analysis estimated minimum jet fuel selling prices (MJSPs) of 1.98, 2.32, and 2.21 $/L for the HP, the G+FT, and the ZC, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the processes are capital and feedstock intensive while an increase to the bio‐oil yield will favour the economic performance of the examined biorefineries. An increase of the plant size from 100 (base case) to 150 dry tonnes per hour of feedstock will decrease the selling prices by approximately 25% for all cases. Monte Carlo simulations exhibited that without establishing and/or maintaining appropriate policy schemes, there is no pragmatic prospect for the examined biorefineries to beat the competition against the prevailing oil infrastructures.

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Pyrolysis of forest residues: An approach to techno-economics for bio-fuel production

Cited by 108 publications

References 15 publications

Hydrocarbon Rich Liquid Fuel Produced by Co-pyrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse and Rubber Seed Oil Using Aluminosilicates Derived from Rice Husk Silica and Aluminum Metal as Catalyst

Hydrocarbon Rich Liquid Fuel Produced by Co-pyrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse and Rubber Seed Oil Using Aluminosilicates Derived from Rice Husk Silica and Aluminum Metal as Catalyst

A review of thermochemical upgrading of pyrolysis bio‐oil: Techno‐economic analysis, life cycle assessment, and technology readiness

A comparative techno‐economic assessment of three bio‐oil upgrading routes for aviation biofuel production

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