Pyrolysis of blends of biomass with poor coals

Thermal behavior and gaseous emission analysis during co-combustion of ethanol fermentation residue from food waste and coal using TG–FTIR

“…Thus, the ignition temperature of the combustion process was due to the early liberation of the volatiles from the fermentation residue, f(˛) = (1 − ˛) n was considered as the reaction mechanism function, and n = 1 was selected for the first-order reaction [27,28]. The second stage was the liberation of volatiles and burning out of the fixed carbon, the phase-boundary-controlled reaction was adopted to describe the second stage, making f(˛) = 3(1 − ˛) 2/3 as the reaction mechanism function [29][30][31]. The boundary of the two stages was determined from the inflection point of the DTG curve [32,33].…”

Co-pyrolysis behaviors of energy grass and lignite

“…As one of the most common techniques, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used to investigate the co-pyrolysis behaviors of biomass-coal blends in the past twenty years. Many results showed that the co-pyrolysis exhibited a simple additive effect of coal and different biomass, such as wood waste/wheat straw [1], pine chip [6,7], pine sawdust/sewage sludge [8], olive kernel/forest residue/cotton residue [9], olive kernel/straw [10], corncob [11], wood [12] and sawdust/switch grass [13]. On the other hand, several researchers [2,14,15] found the overall volatile yield of different blends exceeded the yield calculated from the additive behavior, by using hazelnut shell, sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, and corncob as biomass.…”

“…Pyrolysis process is considered not only as a promising technology to produce various chemicals and fuels, but also as a fundamental step in combustion or gasification of solid carbonaceous fuels [3][4][5][6]. As one of the most common techniques, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used to investigate the co-pyrolysis behaviors of biomass-coal blends in the past twenty years.…”

Characteristics and application of co-pyrolysis of coal/biomass blends with solid heat carrier

“…Since co-pyrolysis process of coal and biomass can produce gaseous and liquid products with high added value, its research has been paid more and more attention in recent years. Many researchers used different fuels (such as sawdust [10,11], legume straw [12], lignite [13][14][15][16][17], and bituminous coal [18]), and different reactors (such as TGA [19][20][21][22], fluidized bed reactor [8], fixed-bed reactor [11], and free fall reactor [12]) under various operating parameters (such as temperature [23], heating rate [24], blending ratio, particle size, and contacting way of particles) to study the copyrolysis behaviors focusing on product distributions and product characteristics, as well as the possible existed synergetic effects. Although the conclusions are conflicting, but there are some certain laws: under the conditions of fast heating rate and good contact of coal/biomass particles, the synergistic effects are obvious; in contrast under the condition of slow heating rate and fluidized bed reactor, the synergistic effects are rarely found.…”