Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry of polymers—II. Polyurethanes

Marshall, G.L.

doi:10.1016/0014-3057(83)90120-9

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These species are commonly used as plasticizers in the production of plastic formulations. The analysis enabled us to identify the presence of 2,6-diisocyanate toluene (peak 1) [38,49,50], one of the precursors used in the synthesis of the polyurethane foam, and its rearrangement derivatives 2-amino-6-isocyanato toluene (peak 2). In addition, the pyrolytic profile obtained for the first thermal zone features the presence of 2-naphthol (peak 5), possibly related to β-naphthol pigments [16,51].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic materials in art: a new comprehensive approach for the characterization of multi-material artworks by analytical pyrolysis

et al. 2019

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Modern art materials introduced since the end of XIX century include a large number of formulations of synthetic polymers and pigments, whose degradation processes and best preservation conditions are a major issue in heritage science. Analytical pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) is widely used for the characterisation of polymeric materials and organic pigments, however the interpretation of the pyrograms obtained from samples containing different analytes is not straightforward. To improve our understanding on how these materials behave in complex matrices, we used evolved gas analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) and multi shot Py-GC/MS to highlight and analyse the different fractions in a sample from a pop-art made of painted polyurethane (PU) foam. The study represents a proof of concept to evaluate EGA-MS potential in studying composite modern art materials in combination with multi-shot pyrolysis. The aim of the investigation was establishing the composition of the PU formulation, the paint binder and the pigments, thereby contributing to planning the stabilisation and conservation of the object. The polymers and the class of synthetic organic pigments present in the paint were assessed by determining their specific pyrolysis products and through comparisons with data in the literature. EGA-MS analysis provided both thermal and chemical information in one analytical run, so that we could select four temperatures for use in multi-shot Py-GC/MS analysis and thus to selectively study the different fractions evolved at different temperatures. Information on the various components of the mixture was obtained, including additives and organic pigments, separating them on the basis of their different thermal degradation temperatures. The multianalytical approach included also non-destructive ATR-FTIR and enabled us to characterize in detail different synthetic materials: polyether-based polyurethane produced by the polyaddition of 2,6-diisocyanate toluene, hexamethylene diisocyanate and polypropylene glycol, vinyl paint, and a mixture of β-naphthol and mono-azo as pigments. HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS analyses confirmed the pigments, and provided a positive identification of two β-naphthols (PO5 and PR1) and two monoazo pigments (PY1 and PY3).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic materials in art: a new comprehensive approach for the characterization of multi-material artworks by analytical pyrolysis

et al. 2019

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“…For certain materials (e.g., synthetic polar polymers), the polar pyrolysates may contain useful diagnostic structural information (Williamson et al, 1980;Marshall et al, 1983;Shiea et al, 1996;Galipo et al, 1998). Unfortunately, during pyrolysis processes, many polar macromolecules are broken down to fragments that cannot be detected by GC/MS because they are retained in the pyrolysis zone, the injection system, or the capillary column owing to their high polarity or high molecular weight (Moss et al, 1980;Holzer et al, 1989).…”

Section: Conventional Analytical Approaches For Characterizing Polar mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Polar Components in Crude Oil by Ambient Mass Spectrometry

Cheng¹,

Lai²,

Huang³

et al. 2012

Crude Oil Emulsions- Composition Stability and Characterization

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“…However a detailed molecular analysis and the identification of specific monomeric precursors require a micro-invasive characterisation of samples, which is possible by Py-GC/MS [20,28,29]. EGA-MS, which has shown promising results in the analysis of polyurethanes [30], and combined with multi-shot Py-GC/MS has great potential in the selective characterisation of plastic components on the basis of their thermal decomposition behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pyrolysis approach for characterizing and assessing degradation of polyurethane foam in cultural heritage objects

Nasa

Biale

Ferriani³

et al. 2018

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Specific analytical tools are needed to investigate the composition and degradation processes of the synthetic materials in the cultural heritage, and recent advancements in pyrolysis-based analytical techniques have great potential for the characterisation of synthetic polymers. We applied evolved gas analysis mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) and double shot pyrolysis coupled with chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to investigate polyurethane foam micro-samples from the Italian popart sculpture "Contenitoreumano n.1" (1968) by Ico Parisi (1916-1996) and Francesco Somaini (1926-2005. The chemical analysis aimed to assess the chemical composition and of the state of preservation of the PU foam by acquiring information on its thermal degradation behaviour and identifying the pyrolysis products produced at different temperatures. A preliminary ATR-FTIR analysis was also carried out. The multi-analytical approach enabled us to identify the isocyanate and polyol precursors as 2,6-toluenediisocyanate and polypropylene glycol, respectively. The plasticizers used in the production of the PU foam were also identified in the first shot of a double shot Py-GC/MS experiment. A comparison of a sample of better preserved foam with a sample of degraded foam from the surface of the object highlighted that the more degraded part of the PU foam featured an increase in the thermal degradation temperature of the soft-fragments of the PU network, related to crosslinking phenomena. Moreover, loss of plasticizers and formation of NH2 functional groups was observed in the degraded foam.

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Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry of polymers—II. Polyurethanes

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Synthetic materials in art: a new comprehensive approach for the characterization of multi-material artworks by analytical pyrolysis

Synthetic materials in art: a new comprehensive approach for the characterization of multi-material artworks by analytical pyrolysis

Analysis of Polar Components in Crude Oil by Ambient Mass Spectrometry

A pyrolysis approach for characterizing and assessing degradation of polyurethane foam in cultural heritage objects

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