“…braunii, the second stage (156–545 °C) included active copyrolysis, which involved the largest mass reduction (46–48%), due to the decomposition of carbohydrates, proteins (250–280 °C), chlorophyll, and lipids (380–480 °C) from microalgae as well as lignin- or cellulose-derived materials, phenolic aromatic carbons, substituted aliphatic carbons, and other oxygen-containing compounds in VBC. These compounds underwent depolymerization, decarboxylation, and cracking processes releasing volatile molecules, H 2 O, CO 2 , and CO. ,,,,− …”