“…that the mass losses occur at increasing temperatures. This behavior has been described by several researchers and can be explained using different arguments [7,8]. Some authors argue that this behavior is due to changes in reaction mechanism caused by increased heating rate, or changes in the apparent activation energy [9].…”
Section: Tg Runs and Kineticsmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Each of these three stages would be centered at 540 K, 640 K and 700 K, approximately. Due to this, the better results for the kinetic modeling will assume three different organic fractions that would decompose simultaneously in parallel reactions [8,15]. Each organic fraction would decompose into volatile and a carbonaceous solid residue.…”
The thermal decomposition of a Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) has been studied using thermogravimetry, in order to get information about the main steps in the decomposition of such material. The study comprises two different atmospheres: inert and oxidative. The kinetics of decomposition is determined at three different heating rates using the same kinetic constants and model for both atmospheres at all the heating rates simultaneously. A good correlation of the TG data is obtained using three n th order parallel reactions.
“…that the mass losses occur at increasing temperatures. This behavior has been described by several researchers and can be explained using different arguments [7,8]. Some authors argue that this behavior is due to changes in reaction mechanism caused by increased heating rate, or changes in the apparent activation energy [9].…”
Section: Tg Runs and Kineticsmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Each of these three stages would be centered at 540 K, 640 K and 700 K, approximately. Due to this, the better results for the kinetic modeling will assume three different organic fractions that would decompose simultaneously in parallel reactions [8,15]. Each organic fraction would decompose into volatile and a carbonaceous solid residue.…”
The thermal decomposition of a Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) has been studied using thermogravimetry, in order to get information about the main steps in the decomposition of such material. The study comprises two different atmospheres: inert and oxidative. The kinetics of decomposition is determined at three different heating rates using the same kinetic constants and model for both atmospheres at all the heating rates simultaneously. A good correlation of the TG data is obtained using three n th order parallel reactions.
“…Further details of the simulation environment and the model can be found elsewhere [30]. [31]. At 700 ˚C, the devolatilisation of biomass is nearly complete: the rate of mass loss tends to zero, and the remaining solid (char), which constitutes 26-27% of the starting mass, is mainly composed by carbon.…”
Sustainable carbon adsorbents have been produced from biomass residues by single-step activation with CO 2 . The activation conditions were optimised to develop narrow micropores in order to maximise the CO 2 adsorption capacity of the carbons under post-combustion conditions. The equilibrium of adsorption of pure CO 2 and N 2 was measured between 0 and 50 ˚C up to 120 kPa for the outstanding carbons. The CO 2 adsorption capacity measured at low pressures is among the highest ever reported for carbon materials (0.6-1.1 mmol g -1 at 15 kPa and 25-50 ˚C), and the average isosteric heat of adsorption is typical of a physisorption process: 27 kJ mol -1 . Dynamic experiments carried out in a fixed-bed adsorption unit showed fast adsorption and desorption kinetics and a high CO 2 -over-N 2 selectivity. These adsorbents are able to separate a mixture with 14 % CO 2 (balance N 2 ) at 50 ˚C, conditions that can be considered as representative of post-combustion conditions, and they can be easily regenerated.
“…Ancak fındık kabuklarının içermiş oldukları lignin yüzdesi diğer zirai kabuklu biyokütlenin kabuklarında bulunan değerler ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Literatürde lignin yüzdesinin, badem kabukları için %20-28 [27], [29,30], hindistan cevizi kabuğu için %28-34 [30,28], brezilya fındığı için %59 [31] 2 kullanılması durumunda göre daha yüksek sıcaklıklara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır buda enerji verimliliği ve maliyet açısından NaOH kullanılmasının daha uygun olduğunu göstermektedir [32]. Bizim çalışmamızda sabit sıcaklık ve sürede farklı alkalilerin etkinliği araştırıldığı için NaOH ön işlemi daha etkin sonuçlar vermiştir.…”
Section: Fındık Kabuğunun Lignoselülozik İçeriği (Lignocellulosic Comunclassified
En uygun ön işlem koşulu %2,25 NaOH, 60 o C, 30 min, 1/10 katı/sıvı olarak belirlenmiştir Bu koşullarda uygulanan ön işlem ile enzimatik hidroliz verimi 2 katına çıkmıştır Bu koşullarda harcanan enerji 60,90 kj olarak belirlenmiştir
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