Pyrolysis in indirectly heated fixed bed with internals: The first application to oil shale

Lin, Lanxin; Chun, Zhang; Li, Hongjuan; Lai, Dengguo; Xu, Guangwen

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.05.023

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Oxygen-containing compounds mainly included acids, alcohols, esters, and ketones, whereas aromatic hydrocarbons included naphthalene, anthracene, benzene, and benzene series. These results are consistent with previous reports [13,46].…”

Section: Shale Oil Composition Analysissupporting

confidence: 94%

Effect of Shale Ash-Based Catalyst on the Pyrolysis of Fushun Oil Shale

et al. 2019

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The effect of shale ash (SA)-based catalysts (SA as carriers to support several transition metal salts, such as ZnCl2, NiCl2·6H2O, and CuCl2·2H2O) on oil shale (OS) pyrolysis was studied. Results showed that SA promoted OS pyrolysis, and the optimum weight ratio of OS:SA was found to be 2:1. The SA-supported transition metal salt catalyst promoted the OS pyrolysis, and the catalytic effect increased with increasing load of the transition metal salt within 0.1–3.0 wt%. The transition metal salts loaded on the SA not only promoted OS pyrolysis and reduced the activation energy required but also changed the yield of pyrolysis products (reduced shale oil and semi-coke yields and increased gas and loss yield). SA-supported 3 wt% CuCl2·2H2O catalyst not only exhibited the highest ability to reduce the activation energy in OS pyrolysis (32.84 kJ/mol) but also improved the gas and loss yield, which was 4.4% higher than the uncatalyzed reaction. The supporting transition metal salts on the SA also increased the content of short-chain hydrocarbons in aliphatic hydrocarbons in shale oil and catalyzed the aromatization of aliphatic hydrocarbons to form aromatic hydrocarbons. The catalytic activity of the transition metal salt on the SA-based catalyst for OS pyrolysis decreased in the order of CuCl2·2H2O > NiCl2·6H2O > ZnCl2.

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Section: Shale Oil Composition Analysissupporting

confidence: 94%

Effect of Shale Ash-Based Catalyst on the Pyrolysis of Fushun Oil Shale

et al. 2019

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“…All analytical methods used for shale oil in this study have been detailed in our previous work. 13,14 The pyrolysis gas yield was calculated from the measured gas volume (in a gas meter) and the gas composition was obtained using a micro GC (Agilent 3000A).…”

Section: Pyrolysis and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26][27][28][29] The internals adopted in the preceding reactor gave an obvious improvement on heating rate. [12][13][14] Nonetheless, this improvement was not as effective at altering pyrolysis behavior in indirectly heated reactors. 12,13 Lan et al obtained a maximal shale oil yield at a reaction-stopping temperature of 550 C. 30 Lai et al demonstrated that the oil yield decreased with increasing temperature by conducting an oil shale pyrolysis series with and without ash.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[12][13][14] Nonetheless, this improvement was not as effective at altering pyrolysis behavior in indirectly heated reactors. 12,13 Lan et al obtained a maximal shale oil yield at a reaction-stopping temperature of 550 C. 30 Lai et al demonstrated that the oil yield decreased with increasing temperature by conducting an oil shale pyrolysis series with and without ash. 31 Zhang et al investigated the impact of residence time on the pyrolysis product in a uidized bed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Particularly designed internals, comprising a central gas collection pipe and a number of metallic plates, have been employed to improve oil shale pyrolysis production in indirectly heated xed bed reactors. [12][13][14] An innovative reactor with internals was evaluated by comparing the heating rate of oil shale particles and pyrolysis product distribution. With the heating rate to particles improved, especially in the central region, the resultant shale oil yield was afforded in 90% oil yield by Fischer assay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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