Pyrolysis–gasification of plastics, mixed plastics and real-world plastic waste with and without Ni–Mg–Al catalyst

Wu, Chunfei

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.05.032

Cited by 202 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…29,30 It has also been suggested that the derived gases from HDPE pyrolysis are mainly alkenes which are more easily reformed to hydrogen. Additionally, the high content of sulphur (455 ppm) in the MOC and 8.1 wt.% of residual motor oil is also suggested to lower the gas and hydrogen production from the pyrolysis-reforming experiments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Real-World Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis-Reforming for Hydrogen and High-Value Carbon Nanotubes

Nahil

Miskolczi

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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178

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Producing both hydrogen and high-value carbon nanotubes (CNTs) derived from waste plastics is reported here using a pyrolysis-reforming technology comprising a two-stage reaction system, in the presence of steam and a Ni-Mn-Al catalyst. The waste plastics consisted of plastics from a motor oil container (MOC), waste commercial high density polyethylene (HDPE) and regranulated HDPE waste containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The results show that hydrogen can be produced from the pyrolysis-reforming process, but also carbon nanotubes are formed on the catalyst. However, the content of 0.3 wt.% polyvinyl chloride in the waste HDPE (HDPE/PVC) has been shown to poison the catalyst and significantly reduce the quantity and purity of CNTs. The presence of sulphur has shown less influence on the production of CNTs in terms of quantity and CNT morphologies. Around 94.4 mmol H 2 g -1 plastic was obtained for the pyrolysis-reforming of HDPE waste in the presence of the Ni-Mn-Al catalyst and steam at a reforming temperature of 800 °C. The addition of steam in the process results in an increase of hydrogen production and reduction of carbon yield; in addition, the defects of CNTs e.g. edge dislocations were found to be increased with the introduction of steam (from Raman analysis).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Real-World Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis-Reforming for Hydrogen and High-Value Carbon Nanotubes

Nahil

Miskolczi

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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178

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“…Hydrogen gas is of particular interest as it is seen as an important future fuel since its combustion gives off no CO 2 . The production of hydrogen from thermal treatment of plastics has been researched, with polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene among the feedstocks investigated [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High hydrogen yields can be obtained, for example it has been reported that the hydrogen content of gases produced from various plastics was above 60 Vol.% when a Ni-Mg-Al catalyst was used in a two stage pyrolysis-gasification procedure [14]. Czernik and French likewise made use of a nickel catalyst and obtained 80% of the theoretical maximum hydrogen production from a polypropylene source [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of steam input to the pyrolysis-gasification of waste plastics for improved production of hydrogen or carbon nanotubes

Acomb

2014

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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157

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proven to be possible as high-value by-products of hydrogen production from gasification of waste plastics. In this work, steam content in the gasification process was investigated to increase the quality of CNTs in terms of purity.Three different plastics -low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) were studied in a two stage pyrolysis-gasification reactor. Plastics samples were pyrolysed in nitrogen at 600°C, before the evolved gases were passed to a second stage where steam was injected and the gases were reformed at 800°C in the presence of a nickelalumina catalyst. To investigate the effect that steam plays on CNT production, steam injection rates of 0, 0.25, 1.90 and 4.74 g h -1 were employed. The CNTs produced from all three plastics were multiwalled CNTs with diameters between 10 and 20 nm and several microns in length. For all the plastic samples, raising the steam injection rate led to increased hydrogen production as steam reforming and gasification of deposited carbon increased. High quality CNTs, as observed from TEM, TPO and Raman spectroscopy, were produced by controlling the steam injection rate. The largest yield for LDPE was obtained at 0 g h -1 steam injection rate, whilst PP and PS gave their largest yields at 0.25 g h -1 . Overall the largest CNT yield was obtained for PS at 0.25 g h -1 , with a conversion rate of plastic to CNTs of 32% wt.

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“…In addition, waste plastics, especially PE, PP, and PS, are good resources for hydrogen production by catalytic steam reforming. The H2 yields from HDPE, PP, PS, and PE-rich mixed plastics were approximately 2.5, 2.6, 1.7, and 2.0 L H2/g plastic, respectively, at a gasification temperature of 800 using a Ni _ Mg _ Al catalyst prepared by co-precipitation 30) . The effects of various types of Ni catalysts, such as Ni/Al2O3, Ni/MgO, Ni/ CeO, Ni/ZSM-5, Ni/CeO2/Al2O3, Ni/CeO2/ZSM-5, Ni _ Al, Ni _ Cu _ Al, and Ni _ Mn _ Al were also evaluated in the plastic gasification process 31) 42) .…”

Section: Pe Pp and Psmentioning

confidence: 97%

Feedstock Recycling <i>via</i> Waste Plastic Pyrolysis

Kumagai

2016

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Plastics are essential materials for various products such as packaging and containers, electrical and electronic equipment, and automobiles. Japanese production of polymers was reported as 10.6 million t in 2014 1) , with the majority prepared from finite fossil resources. Currently, in excess of 150 and 200 different types of polymers and additives, respectively, are produced and distributed within Japan 2 ) . Metals and fillers are further mixed with these products to achieve the desired properties, giving innumerable combinations. Thus, no single recycling technique can treat all types of waste plastics. Consequently, waste plastics are commonly treated by mechanical recycling, feedstock recycling, and energy recovery, depending on the waste composition and the purpose of the recycled products.The Plastic Waste Management Institute reported that 9.3 million t of waste plastics were collected in 2014 in Japan 1 ) . The utilized rate (mechanical recycling feedstock recycling energy recovery) for collected waste plastics was 83 %, and is increasing yearly. Utilization can be broken down into 70 % energy recovery, 26 % mechanical recycling, and 4 % feedstock recycling. According to the Basic Law for Establishing the Recycling-based Society, the order of priority of these techniques is as follows: mechanical recycling feedstock recycling energy recovery. Therefore, the ideal and actual situations show a wide gap.Feedstock recycling is a growing field in Japan, but is challenging due to the mismatch with current domestic recycling systems. However, advances in research and technical development show the potential to achieve an advanced recycling-based society. In Japan, monomerization, blast furnace reduction, coke oven chemical feedstock recycling, liquefaction, and gasification are categorized as feedstock recycling. In this paper, we focus on liquefaction and gasification, which are based on the pyrolysis technique.Pyrolysis converts polymeric materials into gases, liquids, and solids at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. This process cleaves various chemical bonds in polymers and additives by the action of only heat, which is advantageous for low-purity waste that cannot be treated by mechanical recycling. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) are the main polymeric materials produced worldwide, so have been widely studied. In addition, these materials are good quality carbon and hydrogen resources (PE and PP: 86 % C and 14 % H; PS: 92 % C and 8 % H). In contrast, the pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) Recycling of waste plastics is essential for reducing environmental degradation and ensuring future resource security. The quantity of domestic plastic waste recycled is increasing yearly, reaching 83 % in 2014. However, only 26 % and 4 % of the recycled waste plastic is treated by mechanical and feedstock recycling, respectively, whereas 70 % is treated by energy recovery (incineration). Therefore, the mechanical and feedstock recycling ra...

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Pyrolysis–gasification of plastics, mixed plastics and real-world plastic waste with and without Ni–Mg–Al catalyst

Cited by 202 publications

References 26 publications

Processing Real-World Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis-Reforming for Hydrogen and High-Value Carbon Nanotubes

Processing Real-World Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis-Reforming for Hydrogen and High-Value Carbon Nanotubes

Control of steam input to the pyrolysis-gasification of waste plastics for improved production of hydrogen or carbon nanotubes

Feedstock Recycling <i>via</i> Waste Plastic Pyrolysis

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