Pyrolysis and dehalogenation of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A review

Yang, Xiaoning; Sun, Lushi; Xiang, Jun; Hu, Song

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.07.025

Cited by 233 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Higher temperature promotes the formation of gaseous hydrocarbons, coke deposits, and the products contain lots of cyclic hydrocarbons or aromatics. Aliphatic hydrocarbons (both saturated and unsaturated) are the main products using lower pyrolysis temperatures (<600°C) [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The product yields and composition are affected also by the application of catalysts, which could increase the yield of volatiles (both gases and pyrolysis oils) [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuels by Waste Plastics Using Activated Carbon, MCM-41, HZSM-5 and Their Mixture

Miskolczi

Williams

2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Waste material was pyrolyzed in a horizontal tubular reactor at 530-540°C using different catalysts, such as activated carbon, MCM-41, HZSM-5 and their mixtures. Products were investigated by gas-chromatography, EDXRFS and standardized methods. Catalysts significantly affected the yields of volatiles; e.g. HZSM-5 catalyst increased especially the yield of gaseous hydrocarbons, while MCM-41 catalyst was responsible for increasing the pyrolysis oil yield. Synergistic effects were found using mixtures of different catalysts. Furthermore the catalysts modified the main carbon frame of the products. Pyrolysis oil obtained over HZSM-5 catalyst contained large amounts of aromatics, while MCM-41 catalyst mainly isomerized the carbon frame. Regarding contaminants it was concluded, that the sulphur content could be significantly decreased by activated carbon, however it had only a slight effect to the other properties of the products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuels by Waste Plastics Using Activated Carbon, MCM-41, HZSM-5 and Their Mixture

Miskolczi

Williams

2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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“…It was well known that there are lots of valuable metals and plastics contained in WEEE, which are worthy recyclable feedstock and could be converted into important mineral resources, fuel and chemical feedstock if recycled scientifically. On the other hand, WEEE also contained certain dangerous and hazardous substances, such as toxic metals and brominated flame retardants, which will pose considerable environmental pollution and health risks if treated inadequately (Yang, Sun, Xiang, Hu & Su, 2013;Ongondo, Williams & Cherrett, 2011). Therefore, how to scientifically and cost-effectively reuse, recycle and recover WEEE has drawn plenty of attentions through the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, how to scientifically and cost-effectively reuse, recycle and recover WEEE has drawn plenty of attentions through the world. WEEE plastics, which account for about 30% of the total weight of WEEE, are worthwhile recyclable parts of WEEE (Yang et al, 2013). One of the most popular plastics widely used in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) is high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), because of its low cost and excellent impact resistance and machinability properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polybrominated compounds and antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3 ), as synergistic flame retardants, are frequently added to HIPS to reduce its flammability (Jakab, Uddin, Bhaskar & Sakata, 2003). Because of the presence of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), the traditional methods of dealing with WEEE plastics, such as land-filling and incineration, will produce secondary pollution on the ecological environment and endanger human health as well as being a waste of resource (Yang et al, 2013). For instance, the direct incineration of WEEE plastics containing brominated flame retardant will produce some highly toxic brominated dioxins and dibenzofurans (Ni et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its low cost and easy operation, pyrolysis used for recycling WEEE plastics have been intensively investigated under different feedstocks, operation conditions, reactors, and increasing temperature stages (Yang et al, 2013). However, there were lots of organic brominated compounds remaining in the pyrolysis oils, which would reduce the quality and hinder the reuse of them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Pyrolysis Oil with Low Bromine and Antimony Contents from Plastic Material Containing Brominated Flame Retardants and Antimony Trioxide

H¹,

Shen²,

Harada³

et al. 2014

EER

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Thermal degradation of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) containing brominated flame retardants and antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3 ) was conducted at different temperatures with the presence of various additives (red mud, limestone and natural zeolite) in a fixed-bed reactor. The effect of the pyrolysis temperature on the product yield and the bromine content in the oil product was investigated. It was found that the maximum oil yield (84.38 wt.%) was obtained at the pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃. The pyrolysis temperature had no significant impact on the bromine reduction in the oil products. The bromine in the flame retardant was mainly transferred into the oil products, where the bromine content was in the range of 7.96-8.56 wt.%. With the aim of removing bromine and antimony from the oils, three additives (red mud, limestone and natural zeolite) was used to investigate the influence on the product yield and composition, especially on the bromine and antimony removal ability from the oil products. In this study, it was found that all of the additives could significantly lower the bromine and antimony content in the oils and the red mud was the most effective. The presence of red mud could reduce the bromine and antimony content from 8.21 and 1.84 wt.% when no additive was employed to 0.84 and 0.35 wt.%, respectively. In addition, the distribution and fate of bromine and antimony in the residues were also studied by the SEM-EDX and XRD analysis in detail.

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Managing Plastic Waste

Andrady

2015

Plastics and Environmental Sustainability

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Pyrolysis and dehalogenation of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A review

Cited by 233 publications

References 71 publications

Fuels by Waste Plastics Using Activated Carbon, MCM-41, HZSM-5 and Their Mixture

Fuels by Waste Plastics Using Activated Carbon, MCM-41, HZSM-5 and Their Mixture

Production of Pyrolysis Oil with Low Bromine and Antimony Contents from Plastic Material Containing Brominated Flame Retardants and Antimony Trioxide

Managing Plastic Waste

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