Pyrogenic Specificity of Streptococcal Exotoxins, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin, and Gram-Negative Endotoxin

Brunson, Kenneth W.; Watson, Dennis W.

doi:10.1128/iai.10.2.347-351.1974

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The group includes TSST-1 (4), the staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxins A and B (22), the staphylococcal enterotoxins A through E (3), and the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins A through C (1). Each PT is serologically distinct when tested by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion, but all share the properties of being pyrogenic, mitogenic for T cells, and inhibitory for immunoglobulin production and of increasing susceptibility to lethal endotoxin shock (8,21,22,25,28,29). They differ functionally, however, in that the staphylococcal enterotoxins induce emesis and diarrhea upon ingestion (3), whereas the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins induce heart damage and cause scarlet fever (27).…”

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confidence: 99%

Toxic shock syndrome-associated staphylococcal and streptococcal pyrogenic toxins are potent inducers of tumor necrosis factor production

1989

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Toxic shock syndrome-associated staphylococcal and streptococcal exotoxins were tested for an ability to induce the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Staphylococcal enterotoxins B and Cl, along with streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A, all induced TNF production in a dose-dependent manner, with production peaking on the average at 3 days but continuing over the 6 days tested. This time course of exotoxin-induced TNF production contrasts with the 1-day peak-2-day duration observed with endotoxin as the stimulus and may be significant to development of toxic shock syndrome.

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confidence: 99%

Toxic shock syndrome-associated staphylococcal and streptococcal pyrogenic toxins are potent inducers of tumor necrosis factor production

1989

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“…Some investigators reported that staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) might be also responsible for TSS (7), especially for non-menstrual TSS (8,22). TSST-1 and SE share some biological properties including pyrogenicity (2,6,10,23), the capacity to enhance host susceptibility to lethal endotoxin shock (10,23,24) and further immunological aspects such as mitogenic effect on lymphocytes (4,13,17,18,29) and stimulation of interleukin (IL) 1 production (11). We have already confirmed that TSST-1 induces proliferative response and IL 2 production by T cells of murine lymphocytes (27) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bindings of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin‐1 and Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A, B, and C to Rabbit Spleen Cells

Fujikawa

Takayama

Uchiyama³

et al. 1989

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…This group of related toxins includes the staphylococcal enterotoxins (3), and pyrogenic exotoxins (33), toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) (4), and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (2). All of these toxins induce lymphocyte mitogenicity, immunosuppression, pyrogenicity, and enhancement of lethal endotoxin shock (12,19,29,33,37,40). Staphylococcal enterotoxins are distinguished from other toxins in this group by their additional capacity to induce emesis and diarrhea in animals after oral administration (3,14).…”

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Expression of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 in Escherichia coli

Bohach¹,

Schlievert²

1987

Infect Immun

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The structural gene encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 was cloned into Escherichia coli and localized on a 1.5-kilobase HindIII-ClaI DNA fragment by subcloning. The toxin was partially purified from E. coli clones and shown to be immunologically identical to enterotoxin C1 from Staphylococcus aureus. The cloned toxin also had the same molecular weight (26,000) and charge heterogeneity as staphylococcus-derived enterotoxin. Toxins from both sources were equally biologically active.Several exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes share numerous biological and biochemical properties. This group of related toxins includes the staphylococcal enterotoxins (3), and pyrogenic exotoxins (33), toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) (4), and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (2). All of these toxins induce lymphocyte mitogenicity, immunosuppression, pyrogenicity, and enhancement of lethal endotoxin shock (12,19,29,33,37,40). Staphylococcal enterotoxins are distinguished from other toxins in this group by their additional capacity to induce emesis and diarrhea in animals after oral administration (3,14). Likewise, streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins are unique in their capacity to induce heart damage (36).These toxins are small proteins with reported molecular weights of less than 30,000. Staphylococcal enterotoxins have similar amino acid compositions (3), and the amino acid sequences of at least enterotoxins B and C1 possess extensive homology (17,35). In addition, Johnson et al. (18) demonstrated significant amino acid sequence homology between enterotoxin B and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A based on nucleotide sequence analysis.Enterotoxin A and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A have been shown to be transferred by bacteriophage (7,19). In contrast, the gene for TSST-1 is chromosomally located (22). The location of genes for other toxins in this group remains unclear.We report in this paper the molecular cloning of the gene encoding enterotoxin Cl. The cloned toxin prepared from Escherichia coli is biologically active and has biochemical properties identical to those of staphylococcus-derived enterotoxin C1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strains. S. aureus MN Don, a clinical isolate from blood of a patient with toxic shock syndrome, was used for production of enterotoxin C1 and as a source of DNA for construction of a genomic library. This strain, submitted by P. F. Sparling, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, makes enterotoxin C1 while not expressing any other enterotoxins, TSST41, or exfoliative toxins. Identification of enterotoxin C1 was confirmed by using reference antisera supplied by E. Schantz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and by comparison of the N-terminal amino acid sequence * Corresponding author.with that previously reported for the toxin (15,35). A total of 21 amino acids constituting the N terminus of the protein were analyzed. Although the data did not permit assignment of amino acids to positions 10 and 12, the remaining residues were in complete agreem...

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Pyrogenic Specificity of Streptococcal Exotoxins, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin, and Gram-Negative Endotoxin

Cited by 37 publications

References 10 publications

Toxic shock syndrome-associated staphylococcal and streptococcal pyrogenic toxins are potent inducers of tumor necrosis factor production

Toxic shock syndrome-associated staphylococcal and streptococcal pyrogenic toxins are potent inducers of tumor necrosis factor production

Bindings of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin‐1 and Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A, B, and C to Rabbit Spleen Cells

Expression of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 in Escherichia coli

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