Pyroelectricity and Optical Second Harmonic Generation in Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films

Bergman, J. G.; McFee, J. H.; Crane, G. R.

doi:10.1063/1.1653624

Cited by 453 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…25,26 Figure 6͑c͒ shows the dependence of film weight on the number of layers, yielding a slope of 0.59Ϯ0.03 mg/ML. Dividing this mass by the crystal area and transfer rate yields the film density of 1.75Ϯ0.12 g/cm 3 , in excellent agreement with the values 1.79-1.89 g/cm 3 reported for the 70/30 copolymers, 13,14,27 and the value 1.786 g/cm 3 obtained from the unit cell measured by neutron powder diffraction. 27 The thickness of a 1 ML film deposited on Si, but not annealed, was also measured by atomic force microscopy ͑AFM͒.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…4 Moreover, the built-in electrical polarization also makes it possible to modulate the optical properties by applying an external electrical field. 5 The optical properties of PVDF 3,5,6 and the PVDF/TrFE copolymers have been studied experimentally [7][8][9] and theoretically. [10][11][12] Films prepared by solution processing methods usually exhibit large optical scattering due to the inhomogeneous structure of lamellar crystals embedded in an amorphous matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 These materials also have good nonlinear optical properties in a wide spectral range, 3 potentially useful for frequency conversion and fiber optical sensors. 4 Moreover, the built-in electrical polarization also makes it possible to modulate the optical properties by applying an external electrical field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the optical dispersion in ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride (70%)/trifluoroethylene (30%) copolymer Langmuir–Blodgett films

Bai

Sorokin

Thompson

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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Bai, Mengjun; Sorokin, A.V.; Thompson, Daniel W.; Poulsen, Matt; Ducharme, Stephen; Herzinger, C.M.; Palto, S.; Fridkin, V.M.; Yudin, S.G.; Savchenko, V.E.; and Gribova, L.K., "Determination of the optical dispersion in ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride (70%)/trifluoroethylene (30%) copolymer Langmuir-Blodgett films" (2004 We report measurements of the optical dispersion in ferroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett films of polyvinylidene fluoride ͑70%͒-trifluoroethylene ͑30%͒ copolymer, using variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry over a wide spectral range from infrared to ultraviolet. Film thickness averaged 1.78Ϯ0.07 nm per deposition layer for films ranging from 5 to 125 deposition layers as determined from multi-sample analysis. This deposition rate was consistent with capacitance measurements, yielding a dielectric constant of 9.9Ϯ0.4 normal to the film, by quartz microbalance measurements, and by atomic force microscopy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the optical dispersion in ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride (70%)/trifluoroethylene (30%) copolymer Langmuir–Blodgett films

Bai

Sorokin

Thompson

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…March, 2000 Two-dimensional ferroelectricsexhibits many properties characteristic of ferroelectric and noncentrosymmetric materials, including pyroelectric and piezoelectric effects [41], bulk photovoltaic (photogalvanic) currents [50], electrooptic modulation [51], second harmonic generation [52], and possible photorefractive effects [53].…”

Section: Ferroelectric Polymers: Vinylidene Fluoride Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional ferroelectrics

Blinov¹,

Fridkin²,

Palto³

et al. 2000

Phys.-Usp.

136

100

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Blinov, L. M.; Fridkin, V. M.; Palto, S.P.; Bune, A. V.; Dowben, Peter A.; and Ducharme, Stephen, "Two-Dimensional Ferroelectrics" (2000). Abstract. The investigation of the finite-size effect in ferroelectric crystals and films has been limited by the experimental conditions. The smallest demonstrated ferroelectric crystals had a diameter of $ 200 A and the thinnest ferroelectric films were $ 200 A thick, macroscopic sizes on an atomic scale. Langmuir ± Blodgett deposition of films one monolayer at a time has produced high quality ferroelectric films as thin as 10 A, made from polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymers. These ultrathin films permitted the ultimate investigation of finite-size effects on the atomic thickness scale. Langmuir ± Blodgett films also revealed the fundamental two-dimensional character of ferroelectricity in these materials by demonstrating that there is no so-called critical thickness; films as thin as two monolayers (1 nm) are ferroelectric, with a transition temperature near that of the bulk material. The films exhibit all the main properties of ferroelectricity with a first-order ferroelectric ± paraelectric phase transition: polarization hysteresis (switching); the jump in spontaneous polarization at the phase transition temperature; thermal hysteresis in the polarization; the increase in the transition temperature with applied field; double hysteresis above the phase transition temperature; and the existence of the ferroelectric critical point. The films also exhibit a new phase transition associated with the twodimensional layers.

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“…1͒ and Bergman, McFee, and Crane in 1971. 2 But, there is still uncertainty about the mechanism and the contribution of the amorphous phase to piezoelectric and pyroelectric response. [3][4][5] Previous PVDF and copolymer P͑VDF/ TrFE͒ films are mixtures of crystalline and amorphous phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of ferroelectric Langmuir–Blodgett polymer films

Bune

Zhu

Ducharme

et al. 1999

Journal of Applied Physics

132

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, L.M.; Fridkin, V.M.; Palto, S.P.; Petukhova, N.N.; and Yudin, S.G., "Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of ferroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett polymer films" (1999 The piezoelectric and pyroelectric responses of ferroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett polymer films are less than the largest values measured with bulk films of the same composition. The films of the crystalline copolymer poly͑vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene͒ fabricated by the LangmuirBlodgett technique are 30 ML thick ͑15 nm͒ and are highly crystalline and oriented with polarization perpendicular to the film. Both piezoelectric and pyroelectric measurements show reversible ferroelectric switching. The films are suitable for use in pyroelectric infrared imaging and in piezoelectric acoustic transducers.

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Pyroelectricity and Optical Second Harmonic Generation in Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films

Cited by 453 publications

References 8 publications

Determination of the optical dispersion in ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride (70%)/trifluoroethylene (30%) copolymer Langmuir–Blodgett films

Determination of the optical dispersion in ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride (70%)/trifluoroethylene (30%) copolymer Langmuir–Blodgett films

Two-dimensional ferroelectrics

Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of ferroelectric Langmuir–Blodgett polymer films

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