Pyroclastic eruptions from Axial caldera, Juan de Fuca Ridge, NE Pacific Ocean

Helo, Christoph; Clague, D. A.; Stix, John

doi:10.1088/1755-1307/3/1/012005

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They differ from the plateau border limu in that they are generally straight, and entirely smooth along their length, with no evidence of having been previously attached to melt films. Fragments of Pele's hair such as these have often been found in other deep sea limubearing volcaniclastic deposits (Clague et al 2003bHelo et al 2008). They have been cited as further evidence of magmatic explosivity, but although they are commonly associated with lava fountains (Moune et al 2007), they are not diagnostic of them.…”

Section: Pele's Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

No depth limit to hydrovolcanic limu o Pele: analysis of limu from Lō`ihi Seamount, Hawai`i

Schipper

White

2009

Bull Volcanol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deep-sea limu o Pele are shards of basaltic glass commonly described as "bubble walls." When first identified they were inferred to form in submarine fire fountains, but were then reinterpreted as the products of hydrovolcanic volcanism, formed when submarine lava flows entrapped and vaporised seawater. Limu discovered below the c 3 km critical depth of seawater, where superheated water exists as a supercritical fluid instead of a vapour, led to the hydrovolcanic model of limu o Pele formation being discarded in favour of a magmatic CO 2 -driven, "strombolian-like" model. This revised magmatic mechanism has been widely accepted by the scientific community. We describe a newly discovered limu o Pele-rich deposit at~1,052 mbsl on the northeast summit plateau region of Lō`ihi Seamount, Hawai`i. The limu at this site is concentrated in a chemically monomict ash lens interbedded with thin lava sheets that are separated from overlying volcaniclastic material by a discontinuity. The geometry and geochemistry of the deposit provide compelling evidence for a hydrovolcanic, sheet flow-related origin. The exceptional abundance and preservation of limu at this site allows 4 morphologic subtypes of limu-thin film, plateau-border, convex film, and Pele's hair-to be identified and linked to portions of the isolated rupturing bubbles from which they are derived. We extend our discussion to beyond this new Lō`ihi deposit, by including a review of limu o Pele occurrences and thermodynamic considerations that demonstrate the hydrovolcanic model of limu formation to be more tenable than the magmatic model at all depths, including below the critical depth of seawater.

show abstract

Section: Pele's Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

No depth limit to hydrovolcanic limu o Pele: analysis of limu from Lō`ihi Seamount, Hawai`i

Schipper

White

2009

Bull Volcanol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This article considers these intermediate timescales. Several studies describe the products of the thermal granulation process as they appear in nature [ Clague et al , 2009; Fisher and Schmincke , 1984; Helo et al , 2008; Mastin , 2007] and possible ways that such particles can be produced in the laboratory [ Mastin et al , 2009]. The impact of a volcanic eruption on its surroundings is, in general, strongly coupled to the amount of energy transported in a given time interval.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat source or heat sink: What dominates behavior of non-explosive magma-water interaction?

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] Much of the volcanism on Earth takes place in subaqueous settings where magma has direct contact with a water reservoir of restricted or quasi unrestricted volume. In order to assess the intensity and timescale of non-explosive interaction of magmatic melts and water, experiments representing these settings were performed. Natural volcanic samples were remelted and poured as a continuous jet into a water-filled calorimeter where the melt interacts with its coolant. The rapid cooling results in granulation, i.e. brittle failure of the material. Granulation needs energy, which is taken from the thermal input of the hot melt. Energy used in granulation was found to require 5%-20% of the melt's initial heat content. This energy loss fraction is insensitive to variations in coolant-and melt temperatures but instead depends on the melt's thermomechanical properties. However analysis of the experimentally produced granulate indicates a strong correlation between the initial coolant temperature -i.e. the heat sink-and the grain-size distribution, but also shows variations due to material properties. The maximum of the grain-size distribution was determined to change from a diameter of 1 mm up to 4 mm due to coolant temperature increase. Properties of the heat source (melt ) dominate the efficiency of the process, whereas both heat sink and source characteristics determine the products.

show abstract

“…Thermal coupling is governed by material properties of magma and coolant, and by the interfacial conditions. The presence of a magma‐water interface shortens the time scale of heat discharge dramatically, whether the type of interaction is explosive (MFCI [e.g., Zimanowski , 1998; Zimanowski and Büttner , 2003]) or non‐explosive [ Clague et al , 2009; Helo et al , 2008; Schipper and White , 2010; White and Houghton , 2006; Wohletz , 2003, 2002]. Due to volume contraction silicate melts are affected by cooling crack formation once a critical cooling rate is exceeded.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments on the heat discharge at the dynamic magma‐water‐interface

Schmid

Sonder

Seegelken

et al. 2010

Geophysical Research Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] Compared to "dry" atmospheric eruption of magma or "dry" magma/rock contact, intensity and time scale of heat discharge from magma to the surroundings is strongly modified by an effective coolant: water or water-sediment mixes. In the case of subaqueous or subglacial eruptions magma-water contact must take place and can result in phreatomagmatic explosions. Even if no explosions occur, rapid cooling results in the formation of pyroclasts by thermal granulation. To study this process in detail, a short-term calorimeter was built for the direct measurement of the heatflux from a magmatic melt to a coolant. Volcanic rocks from recent eruptions in Iceland were remelted and used to produce jets of melt poured into a coolant-filled container. Particles could be produced in a non-explosive process, that are practical identical to those from natural hyaloclastites. The process' fragmentation energy is about 10% of the total heat transferred from melt to coolant. Citation: Schmid, A.,

show abstract

Pyroclastic eruptions from Axial caldera, Juan de Fuca Ridge, NE Pacific Ocean

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

No depth limit to hydrovolcanic limu o Pele: analysis of limu from Lō`ihi Seamount, Hawai`i

No depth limit to hydrovolcanic limu o Pele: analysis of limu from Lō`ihi Seamount, Hawai`i

Heat source or heat sink: What dominates behavior of non-explosive magma-water interaction?

Experiments on the heat discharge at the dynamic magma‐water‐interface

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About