Pyroclastic density currents at Etna volcano, Italy: The 11 February 2014 case study

Andronico, Daniele; Roberto, Alessio Di; Beni, Emanuela De; Behncke, B.; Bertagnini, Antonella; Carlo, Paola Del; Pompilio, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.04.012

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…At the same time, a voluminous buoyant ash cloud was generated by elutriation of the finest ash from the avalanche and rapidly dispersed in the north-northeast direction by an intense wind. The event is accurately reported by Andronico et al (2018). The flank collapse left a detachment niche that allowed us to estimate the avalanche volume to range between 0.5 and 1.0 × 10 6 m 3 .…”

Section: Simulation Of a Pyroclastic Avalanche At Etna Volcanomentioning

confidence: 64%

“…In addition, an implicit treatment of these terms allows for a better coupling of the equations and a proper recovery of the stoppage condition without the need to impose additional criteria or arbitrary thresholds. The family of IMEX methods (Ascher et al, 1997) have been developed to solve stiff systems of partial differential equations written in the form…”

Section: Runge-kutta Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also worth remarking that the DEM did not account for the presence of the thick lava flow that had been emplaced in the days before the avalanche event (Fig. 6), which likely controlled the avalanche path by confining it along its southern edge (Andronico et al, 2018).…”

Section: Simulation Of a Pyroclastic Avalanche At Etna Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

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IMEX_SfloW2D 1.0: a depth-averaged numerical flow model for pyroclastic avalanches

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Pyroclastic avalanches are a type of granular flow generated at active volcanoes by different mechanisms, including the collapse of steep pyroclastic deposits (e.g., scoria and ash cones), fountaining during moderately explosive eruptions, and crumbling and gravitational collapse of lava domes. They represent end-members of gravity-driven pyroclastic flows characterized by relatively small volumes (less than about 1 Mm3) and relatively thin (1–10 m) layers at high particle concentration (10–50 vol %), manifesting strong topographic control. The simulation of their dynamics and mapping of their hazards pose several different problems to researchers and practitioners, mostly due to the complex and still poorly understood rheology of the polydisperse granular mixture and to the interaction with the complex natural three-dimensional topography, which often causes rapid rheological changes. In this paper, we present IMEX_SfloW2D, a depth-averaged flow model describing the granular mixture as a single-phase granular fluid. The model is formulated in absolute Cartesian coordinates (whereby the fluid flow equations are integrated along the direction of gravity) and can be solved over a topography described by a digital elevation model. The numerical discretization and solution algorithms are formulated to allow for a robust description of wet–dry conditions (thus allowing us to accurately track the front propagation) and an implicit solution to the nonlinear friction terms. Owing to these features, the model is able to reproduce steady solutions, such as the triggering and stopping phases of the flow, without the need for empirical conditions. Benchmark cases are discussed to verify the numerical code implementation and to demonstrate the main features of the new model. A preliminary application to the simulation of the 11 February pyroclastic avalanche at the Etna volcano (Italy) is finally presented. In the present formulation, a simple semi-empirical friction model (Voellmy–Salm rheology) is implemented. However, the modular structure of the code facilitates the implementation of more specific and calibrated rheological models for pyroclastic avalanches.

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Section: Simulation Of a Pyroclastic Avalanche At Etna Volcanomentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Runge-kutta Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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IMEX_SfloW2D 1.0: a depth-averaged numerical flow model for pyroclastic avalanches

et al. 2019

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“…The initial avalanche volume is defined by the difference between the original and the modified topography. It is also worth remarking that the DEM did not account for the presence of the thick lava flow that had been emplaced in the days before the avalanche event ( Figure 6), which likely controlled the avalanche path by confining it along its Southern edge (Andronico et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, a voluminous buoyant ash cloud was generated and rapidly dispersed in the North-North-East direction by an intense wind. The event is accurately reported byAndronico et al (2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

IMEX_SfloW2D 1.0. A depth-averaged numerical flow model for pyroclastic avalanches

Vitturi¹,

Ongaro²,

Lari³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Pyroclastic avalanches are a type of granular flow generated at active volcanoes by different mechanisms, including the collapse of steep pyroclastic deposits (e.g., scoria and ash cones) and fountaining during moderately explosive eruptions. They represent end-members of gravity-driven pyroclastic flows, characterized by relatively small volumes (less than about 1 Mm3) and relatively thin (1–10 m) layers at high particle concentration (1–50 vol.%), manifesting strong topographic control. The simulation of their dynamics and mapping of their hazards pose several different problems to researchers and practitioners, mostly due to the complex and still poorly understood rheology of the polydisperse granular mixture, and to the interaction with the complex natural three-dimensional topography, which often causes rapid rheological changes. In this paper, we present IMEX&lowbar;SfloW2D, a depth-averaged flow model describing the granular mixture as a single-phase granular fluid. The model is formulated in absolute Cartesian coordinates (where the fluid flow equations are integrated along the direction of gravity) and can be solved over a topography described by a Digital Elevation Model. The numerical discretization and solution algorithms are formulated to allow a robust description of wet-dry conditions (thus allowing to accurately track the front propagation) and to implicitly solve the non-linear friction terms. Owing to these features, the model is able to reproduce steady solutions, such as the triggering and stopping phases of the flow, without the need of empirical conditions. Benchmark cases are discussed to verify the numerical code implementation and to demonstrate the main features of the new model. A preliminary application to the simulation of the February 11th pyroclastic avalanche at Etna volcano (Italy) is finally presented. In the present formulation, a simple semi-empirical friction model (Voellmy-Salm rheology) is implemented. However, the modular structure of the code facilitates the implementation of more specific and calibrated rheological models for pyroclastic avalanches.

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Monitoring of Eruptive Products: Pyroclastic Density Currents and Their Deposits

Tadini¹,

Gurioli²,

Charbonnier³

et al. 2022

Hazards and Monitoring of Volcanic Activity 3

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Pyroclastic density currents at Etna volcano, Italy: The 11 February 2014 case study

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

IMEX_SfloW2D 1.0: a depth-averaged numerical flow model for pyroclastic avalanches

IMEX_SfloW2D 1.0: a depth-averaged numerical flow model for pyroclastic avalanches

IMEX_SfloW2D 1.0. A depth-averaged numerical flow model for pyroclastic avalanches

Monitoring of Eruptive Products: Pyroclastic Density Currents and Their Deposits

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