Pyridinium‐Substituted Tetraphenylethylenes Functionalized with Alkyl Chains as Autophagy Modulators for Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Tumortherapeutika Pyridiniumsubstituierte Tetraphenylethylen‐Salze können Autophagie induzieren und gleichzeitig den Autophagieflux hemmen. R. Zhao, D. Zhang et al. berichten in ihrem Forschungsartikel auf S. 10128, wie diese Ergebnisse neue Funktionalitäten für AIEgene aufzeigen.

Precise design strategies of nanomedicine for improving cancer therapeutic efficacy using subcellular targeting

“…Commonly used mitochondrial CPPs generally have highly hydrophobic residues, such as cyclohexyl and SS peptides. In addition, some cationic small molecules, including rhodamine, pyridinium, and cyanine, which have inherent capabilities of mitochondrial penetration, can be modified on the surface of liposomes 86 or self-assembled into NPs with imaging functions 87 to selectively target the mitochondria.…”

Red AIE Luminogens with Tunable Organelle Specific Anchoring for Live Cell Dynamic Super Resolution Imaging

“…[48,49] During the process of mitophagy, the damaged mitochondria were isolated by autophagosomes and fused with lysosomes to generate autolysosomes, which finally degraded cargos for recycling. [20,[50][51][52][53][54][55] Accordingly, long time inspection of morphological changes with mitochondria in the phase of mitophagy is critical for basic biomedical studies. Before dynamic tracking the mitophagy process, macrophages were treated with rapamycin (50 nm) to induce mitophagy.…”

“…The increased overlapping degree demonstrated the occurrence of mitophagy and the round structure showed typical morphology of autophagosomes as reported. [50] In comparison, lysosomes and mitochondria in macrophages untreated with rapamycin were involved in dynamic "kiss-and-run" motion, [48,55] which moved closer, came into contact, and then went away without obvious mitochondria morphology transformation ( Figure S31, Supporting Information). These results indicate that PID-CN holds great potential for the study of mitochondria-related cell behaviors based on STED imaging.…”

Aggregation‐induced Emission Based Fluorogens for Mitochondria‐targeted Tumor Imaging and Theranostics

“…Zhang et al developed several TPE-based pyridinium salts with alky chains for autophagy modulation and cancer therapy. [63] The probes PTPE 1(4), PTPE 2(5), PTPE 3(6) have the typical TPE and pyridinium groups, while the difference mainly lies in the length of the alkyl chains ( Figure 13A). As shown in Figure 13B, PTPE 1-3 formed large particles in PBS solution but small NPs of 6 nm in cell culture medium (CCM) ( Figure 13C).…”

“…Entering the new century, a myriad of small molecular AIEgens and AIE polymers have been developed and applied in bioimaging and therapy [10] . Some water‐soluble AIEgens are directly used for biomolecule detection, [11] organelle tracking [12] and cancer therapy, [13] while hydrophobic AIEgens could be encapsulated with DSPE‐PEG or F127 to yield highly biocompatible imaging agents, [14] or incorporated into human serum albumin (HSA) with cRGD (cyclo(Arg−Gly−Asp−D−Tyr−Cys)) modification for targeted chemo/photo‐thermal therapy [15] . Meanwhile, hydrophobic AIEgens could be used for the construction of amphiphilic copolymers through direct polymerization or post‐polymerization modification to be applied in cell imaging [16] and drug delivery [17] .…”