Pyridinedicarboxylic Acids Prolong the Vase Life of Cut Flowers of Spray-type ‘Light Pink Barbara’ Carnation by Accelerating Flower Opening in Addition to an Already-known Action of Retarding Senescence

Promotion of Flower Opening of Spray-type Carnation Cut Flowers by 3-Pyridinecarboxylic Acid, a Simple Analog of Pyridinedicarboxylic Acids (PDCAs) Including 2,3- and 2,4-PDCAs

“…This action of 2,4-PDCA was later confirmed in spray-type (SP) carnation flowers, such as 'Light Pink Barbara (LPB)' and 'Mule', which have a main stalk with several offshoots, each having one or two flowers at their tips (Satoh et al, 2014). Sugiyama and Satoh (2015) revealed that PDCA analogs, including 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-and 3,5-PDCA, accelerated flower opening in addition to prolonging vase life in 'LPB' carnation flowers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of chemicals with dual effects on cut carnation flowers.…”

“…The flowers were kept under continuous light from white fluorescent lamps (14 μmol•m −2 •s −1 PPFD) at 23°C and 40-60% relative humidity for 30 days (Fig. 2) or 20 days ( (Sugiyama and Satoh, 2015). The vase life of cut flowers is shown by the number of days during which the percentage of FONS flowers was 20% or more.…”

Promotion of root elongation by pyridinecarboxylic acids known as novel cut flower care agents

“…Therefore, we did not further discuss the association of GA in the action of PDCA, and rather concentrated on the difference among PDCA and PCA analogs in the inhibition of root elongation as shown below. PDCA analogs were previously shown to accelerate flower bud opening and retard senescence of spray-type carnation flowers (Sugiyama and Satoh 2015). Among the PDCA analogs, 2,3-PDCA and 2,4-PDCA had marked activity and were thought to be suitable agents for treatment of the flowers.…”

“…This action of 2,4-PDCA was later confirmed with spraytype carnation flowers, such as 'Light Pink Barbara (LPB)', which have a main stalk with several offshoots, each having one or two flowers at their tips (Satoh et al 2014). Then, Sugiyama and Satoh (2015) revealed that PDCA analogs, including 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-and 3,5-PDCA, could accelerate flower bud opening in addition to prolong the vase life of spray-type carnation flowers. Among the PDCA analogs, 2,3-PDCA and 2,4-PDCA were markedly effective in extending the vase life and accelerating flower bud opening in 'LPB' carnation flowers.…”

“…Therefore, we first examined whether 2,4-PDCA has GA-like activity in lettuce hypocotyls whose elongation is promoted by exogenously applied GA. Also we examined the effect of 2,3-PDCA, since this chemical accelerated flower opening and extended the vase life of carnation flowers like 2,4-PDCA (Sugiyama and Satoh 2015). Unexpectedly, 2,3-PDCA and 2,4-PDCA had contrasting effects on the elongation of lettuce roots (Fig.…”