Pyridine encapsulated hyperbranched polymers as mimetic models of haeme containing proteins, that also provide interesting and unusual porphyrin-ligand geometries

Twyman, Lance J.; Ellis, Adam; Gittins, Peter J.

doi:10.1039/c1cc14396d

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Each step of Michael addition must be complete reaction and not gives rise to mistakes in the synthetic procedure, avoiding trailing generations (some branches are shorter than the others). According to reported reviews from literatures, the pioneer dendrimers were synthesized through divergent method by Fritz Vogtle in 1978, 5 Dow Chemical in 1983 6 and by George Newkome in 1985. 7 Arborol may be the first actual dendrimer and synthetic mechanism of the two generations have been described by Newkome.…”

Section: Divergent Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Applications of Dendritic Compounds

Ma²,

Deng³

et al. 2013

j. nanosci. nanotech.

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Dendritic compounds (so-called dendrimers) with nano-scale represent unique symmetric and spherical structures. They are usually prepared through two fundamental methods based on molecular level which involved the convergent method and divergent method, although the synthetic methods have a tendency towards the diversity and functionalization. The outershell of dendrimers with rich peripheral reactive sites are easily modified by small functional molecules. Moreover, the higher generation dendrimers also possess more exposed functional groups on the surface prior to the previous one and they are much easily customized for much more applications. Consequently, based on previous researches, this review summarized wide applications of dendritic compounds in many fields which were investigated in detail, including gene vector, drug carrier, catalysis, sensor industry, photoelectric material, etc. Dendrimers provide promising tools for the cellular delivery of molecular cargos ranging in size from small molecules and peptides to proteins and DNA. More importantly, it is necessary to explore new synthetic methods and undiscovered applications of new dendrimers.

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Section: Divergent Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Applications of Dendritic Compounds

Ma²,

Deng³

et al. 2013

j. nanosci. nanotech.

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“…Twyman et al . (, ) reported on progression on the phorphyrin–pyridine complex encapsulated by hyperbranched polymers (3,5‐diacetoxybenzoic acid) as haem protein models. The Fe(II) phorphyrin is the active unit in haemoglobin, responsible for the reversible binding of oxygen.…”

Section: Acellular Oxygen Carriersmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Fe(II) phorphyrin is the active unit in haemoglobin, responsible for the reversible binding of oxygen. In developing this dendrimer they have shown potential for biomimetic models for use in oxygen storage and delivery (Twyman et al ., ; Twyman and Ge, ).…”

Section: Acellular Oxygen Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue engineering red blood cells: a therapeutic

Veen

Hunt

2014

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

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The use of red blood cells (RBCs) in transfusion is widespread in modern medicine. Limitations in blood transfusion have made an urgent argument for the focus on alternatives, as particular medical treatments heavily rely on the supply of donated blood. Stem cells have been successfully used in vitro to produce RBCs and researchers are currently challenged with developing larger-scale culture methods to meet the requirements for clinically relevant cell numbers. The ultimate conditions that will be beneficial for this type of research are trivial. A successful human clinical trial has shown that tremendous progress has already been made in this field. Other alternatives are based on the oxygen carrier protein that RBCs contain, i.e. haemoglobin (Hb). Chemically defined molecules and crosslinked proteins, which are able to bind and transport oxygen, have been found to be functional in vivo. Major progress has been achieved, but developing highly suitable products for the transfusion market still remains an enormous challenge for these acellular blood substitutes. We provide a review about developing alternatives for blood transfusion, with the emphasis on tissue-engineering approaches.

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“…Related applications are mainly mimicking the hydrophobic pocket regions in enzymes for medicinal purposes. As blood substitutes, the steric effect of a dendrimer surrounding a heme center significantly slowed its cytotoxicity when compared to free heme (Twyman et al, 2012). Supramolecular dendrimers are prepared by reacting an n-directional core with linear or branched building blocks to yield first-generation dendrimers.…”

Section: Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%